英语选词填空

英语试卷选词填空

“Sustainable” is not yet a word with a clear-cut agricultural definition. It has been 31 in many ways, but at its 32 lies a kind of farming that is, in a commonly used phrase, “economically viable, environmentally sound, and socially acceptable”—a kind of farming that encourages the farmer to earn a 33 living growing good food on healthy land. Talking to researchers, policymakers, and farmers over the past year and a half, I've heard again and again the 34 that there is no single approach to sustainability; there are many approaches. But what has changed in recent years is this: A broad 35 has emerged on farms and at research institutions to discover which farming approaches are truly viable, sound, and acceptable and how they can be 36 to use out on the land. Behind this effort lies the 37 that the enormous yields of conventional farming have come at a high environmental and social 38, a cost we're only now learning to acknowledge.

There are as many 39 of the farming future, of course, as

there are definitions of sustainability. But they have in 40 greater

cooperation

with

nature,

greater

economic

independence from banks and government-subsidy programs,

装A制造，必属精品 引用请注明出处

装控091制造，翻版必究

and diminished reliance on chemicals and petroleum.

[F]

[A] awareness [K] put

effort

[B] scale [G] core [L] explanations [C]cost [M] caution

[H] surface

[D] luxurious [I] common [N] viewed [E] visions [O] defined

答案 OGJMF KACEI [J] decent

One of the oldest ways of detecting criminal activity is through surveillance. This method is used when it is likely that a crime will take place at a specific location or when certain persons are 31 of criminal activity. The first situation usually is 32 by fixed police observation known as a stakeout; the second circumstance may require 33 observation as well, perhaps on foot or by automobile. Some situations may call for aerial observation (using helicopters) or electronic procedures (using listening devices that monitor telephone

装A制造，必属精品 引用请注明出处

装控091制造，翻版必究

lines).

The observation method must be legal. Surveillance

techniques, for example, may include placing 34 in strategic locations and equipping them with optical aids, such as binoculars or scopes with the 35 to detect an object illuminated only by moonlight, or with electronic devices, 36 to a conversation taking place at a 37 distance. Where a possibility exists of invasion of privacy, a court order is required to make the police action and the information obtained acceptable at a 38 .

Allied to surveillance are covert or undercover observations, which usually are 39 to activities such as gambling, dealing in narcotics, and other major organized crimes. Informants are the 40 of much useful information in investigations; they may be citizens motivated by civic duty or sometimes, criminals motivated by self-interest. [F]

[A] mobile [K] staff

ability

[B] exposed [G] capacity [L] handled [C]sensitive

[H] source

装A制造，必属精品 引用请注明出处

装控091制造，翻版必究

[M] judgment

[D] changeable [I] considerable [N] personnel [E] confined trial

答案JLANG CIOEH

At least 90 percent of UFO sightings can be identified as conventional objects, although time-consuming investigations are often necessary for such 31 . The objects most often mistaken for UFOs are bright planets and stars, aircraft, birds, balloons, kites, aerial flares, peculiar clouds, meteors, and satellites. The remaining sightings most likely can be 32 to other mistaken sightings or to 33 reporting, hoaxes, or delusions, although to disprove all claims made about UFOs is impossible. From 1947 to 1969 the U.S. Air Force investigated UFOs as

[J] suspected [O]

a possible 34 to national security. A total of 12,618 reports was received, of which 701 reports, or 5.6 percent, were listed as 35 . The air force concluded that “no UFO reported, investigated, and evaluated by the Air Force has

装A制造，必属精品 引用请注明出处

装控091制造，翻版必究

ever given any 36 of threat to our national security.” Since 1969 no agency of the U.S. government has had any active program of UFO investigation.

In 1997 the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) admitted

that the U.S. military had 37 the American public in an effort to hide information about high-altitude spy planes. These planes, the Lockheed U-2A and the Lockheed SR-71, accounted for over half of the UFO reports during the late 1950s and 1960s.

Some persons nevertheless believe that UFOs are

extraterrestrial spacecraft, even though no scientifically 38 evidence supports that belief. The possibility of extraterrestrial civilizations is not the stumbling block; most scientists grant that intelligent life may well exist elsewhere in the universe. A fully 39 UFO photograph of a craftlike object has yet to be taken, however, and the scientific method requires that highly speculative explanations should not be adopted unless all of the more ordinary explanations can be 40 out.

装A制造，必属精品 引用请注明出处

装控091制造，翻版必究

[A] convincing [K] deceived

[F] wiped

[B] incredible [G] valid [L] convinced [C]threat

[H] effective

[M] challenge

[D] inaccurate [I] identification [N] indication [E] ruled

[J] unexplained

[O] attributed

Key: IODCJ NKGLE

In the mid-19th century Sarah Josepha Hale, editor of Godey’s Ladies Book, led a movement to establish Thanksgiving as a national holiday. In 1863, during the American Civil War (1861-1865), President Abraham Lincoln 31 the last Thursday in November Thanksgiving Day in order to bolster the Union’s morale. After the war, Congress established Thanksgiving as a national holiday, but widespread national observance 32 on only gradually. Many Southerners

装A制造，必属精品 引用请注明出处

装控091制造，翻版必究

saw the new holiday as an attempt to 33 Northern customs on them. However, in the late 19th century Thanksgiving’s emphasis on home and family 34 to many people throughout the United States. As a distinctly American holiday, Thanksgiving was also considered an 35 to American values for the millions of immigrants then entering the country.

During the 20th century, as the population of the United

States became increasingly 36 , new Thanksgiving traditions emerged that 37 to city dwellers. The day after Thanksgiving gradually became 38 as the first day of the Christmas shopping season. To attract customers, large retailers such as Macy’s in New York City and Gimbel’s in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, began to 39 lavish parades. By 1934 the Macy’s parade,

40 richly decorated floats and gigantic balloons, attracted more than one million spectators annually.

[F]

[A] catered [K] sponsor

featuring

[B] resorted [G] obstacle

装A制造，必属精品 引用请注明出处

装控091制造，翻版必究

[L] caught [C]urban rural

[D] introduction [I] referred [N] lacking [E] known proclaimed

Key: OLHJD CAEKF

Focusing on a brighter side of human nature, many researchers study altruism, helping behavior that is 31 [K] motivated primarily by a desire to benefit a person other than oneself. Interest in this topic began in 32 [L] earnest following the 19 murder of Kitty Genovese in New York City. Thirty-eight of her neighbors, 33 [J] aroused around 3 a.m. by her screams, came to their windows and watched over the next half-hour as her assailant stabbed and raped her. Yet none of the neighbors came to her aid or even called the police until after the attack was over. As a result of

装A制造，必属精品 引用请注明出处

[H] impose [M]

[J] appealed [O] 装控091制造，翻版必究

this shocking event, social psychologists conducted

experiments in which they 34 [B] staged different emergencies, varied the conditions, and observed what happened. Consistently, these studies 35 [E] revealed that the greater the number of bystanders, the 36 [I] less likely anyone is to feel responsible and intervene. In emergency situations, ironically, the presence of other people inhibits helping.In 37 [H] contrast to studies showing that bystanders often do not assist needy victims when in the presence of others, there are situations in which people do intervene. For example, researchers have found that individuals are more helpful to others when they are in a good 38 [O] mood , when they have time to help, when they see someone else offer help, when they are in a small town rather than a big city, or when they believe that the help-seeker is 39 [A] deserving of assistance. Research also 40 [D] confirms that people sometimes offer help to those who need it for purely altruistic reasons, out of a sense of empathy and compassion.

New areas of science often raise questions about safety. Early experiments in animal cloning attracted attention over its

装A制造，必属精品 引用请注明出处

装控091制造，翻版必究

31 dangers. In some experiments in the early 1990s, for example, cloned cows developed 32 immune systems. Other projects created cloned mice that grew obese. In some studies, cloned animals seemed to grow old faster and die younger than normal members of the species.

In 2002 the National Academy of Sciences 33 a

report calling for a legal 34

on human cloning. The report concluded that the high rate of health problems in cloned animals 35 that such an effort in humans would be 36 dangerous for the mother and developing embryo and is likely to fail.

Beyond safety, the possibility of cloning humans also raises a 37 of social issues. What psychological issues would result for a cloned child who is the identical twin of his or her parent? How will a cloned child deal with the 38 of being compared to its genetic donor? A clone will never be identical to the genetic donor because environmental differences will influence the clone’s development. Still, a cloned boy created from basketball star Michael Jordan’s genetic material, for example, could suffer 39 criticism if he decided to 40 classical piano.

装A制造，必属精品 引用请注明出处

装控091制造，翻版必究

[F]

[A] released pursue

[K] considerable

[B] pressures [G] false [L] faulty

[C] investigate [M] ban

[D] variety [I] indicates [N] emitted [E] slightly

[J] considerate

[H] highly

[O] potential

Key: OGAMI HDBKF

编纂者：装控091班委

时间：2011年1月９日

装A制造，必属精品 引用请注明出处