牛津译林版八年级英语上册 第五单元知识点归纳
空间
不受欢迎的 不正确的 不平常的 不能的 垃圾 返回 安静地 温柔的 温柔地 生气的 生气地 清楚的 喧闹的 喧闹地
令人满意地
单词: 烤过的 海鸥
18 19 20 21
软体虫 包括 防止 暴风雪 洪水 厘米 千米 度数 等于 美元 因此 百分之 申请 表格 出生 地址 爱好 简朴的 简直
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
三、
一个受到保护的地区/地方 a protected area
walk a long way 走很长的路
采取措施做某事 take actions to do sth. 让某人做某事(使役动词用法) make sb. do sth. 返回 come/go back = return 回到学校
许多(后接复数名词) ……的数目(单数) 一个申请表
愉快地向我们打招呼 把某物忘/留在某地 把垃圾留在那儿 乱扔垃圾
有……..的面积
come/go back to school = return to school a (large) number of = many the number of…… an application form greet us pleasantly leave sth. sw. leave litter there drop litter carelessly have an area of …….
prevent/stop sb. (from) doing sth.
阻止某人做某事
=keep sb. from doing sth.
记笔记 take notes 加入观鸟俱乐部的申请 application to join the Birdwatching Club 成为…的一个成员/加入 become a member of = join 对做某事感兴趣 be interested in doing sth. 迫不及待地做某事 can’t wait to do sth. = can’t wait for sth. 来参加俱乐部活动 come to club activities 对别人有礼貌 show good manners to others 在观看(鸟)期间 during the watch 例如 for example = e.g. 密切观察鸟 Watch the birds closely 兴趣和爱好 interests and hobbies 防止洪水(防洪) prevent flood
一个不同种类植物的理想家园 an ideal home for different kinds of plants 越来越少的空间 less and less space 越来越少的鸟类 Fewer and fewer birds 处于危险之中 Be in danger 保护濒于灭绝的鸟 Protect the endangered birds
发现关于野生生物文章的有趣 find the article on wildlife interesting 用...号码打电话给某人 Call sb on 用...地址给某人电子邮件 e-mail sb at
重要性
重要的 积极地 潮湿的 无礼的 规则的 不规则的 不诚实的 不必要的 正确的 正确地 普通的 不可能的 不友好的
栖息处 野生生物 舒适的 舒适地
周而复始的
然而 容易地 罕见的
轻柔地 问候 使。。。落下
二、词组或短语 序号 Chinese 1 去观鸟 2 在市场 3 在入口处
4 一个自然保护区 5 在中国东北 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
English
go birdwatching at the market
at the entrance (to) a nature reserve
in north-east China = in the northeast of China one of the world’s most important wetlands= 世界上最重要的湿地之一
one of the most important wetlands in the world
一年到头;终年 all (the) year round = the whole year
provide sth. for sb. = provide sb. with sth. 提供某物给某人
一个生活区 a living area 为某人/某物让出空间 make space/room for sb./sth.
go there for a short stay
去那儿作短暂的逗留
= stay there for a short time
数鸟 do a bird count 一年一次(提问) once a year ( how often ) 研究不同种类的鸟 study the different kinds of birds 它们在数量上的变化 the changes in their numbers 明白湿地的重要性 Understand the importance of wetlands 濒临灭绝的(处于危险状态的) in a dangerous state = endangered
重点句子及句型:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
The science teacher encourages them to join the Birdwatching Club to get more information. The area provides food and shelter for them..=The area provides them with food and shelter . More and more birds are in danger because they do not have enough space.
Some people want to change the wetlands tomake more space for farms and buildings. This means there will be less and less space for the wildlife. Many birds live comfortably in Zhalong Nature Reserve all year round , while some only stay there for a short time.
7. This year ,members of our Birdwatching Club are going to study the different kinds of birds and the
changes in their numbers.
第 1 页 共 5 页
8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.
We hope this information will help them understand and make themactively take actions to protect wildlife. We need more people to help uscount and do something to help the birds . Studying Zhalong helps us learn about protecting wildlife. The sun shone brightly as we got on the school bus . He also told us to walk softly and not to frighten the birds . It has an area of more than 210,000 hectares. = It is over 210,000 hectaresin area. Zhalong is the home of a lot of plants and animals,including different kinds of birds. I think it is important for me to do something to protect birds. It is important for you to write your reports clearly . I will be very happy if I can become a member of your club . You can call meon 010-5558 6390 or e-mail me at amy@sunshinetown.com.cn. They simply can’t wait for the party next week. 科学老师们鼓励他们加入鸡鸟俱乐部来了解更多关于鸟的信息中心 这个地区为他们提供食物和栖息地。
越来越多的你啊处于危险之中因为他们没有足够的空间。 一些人改变湿地为房子和农地制造更多空间。 这就意味着将由越来越少的空间留给野生动物。
许多种类的鸟一整年舒服地在野外生活,而有些仅作短暂停留。 今年,观鸟俱乐部的成员打算研究鸟的不同种类以及数量上的变化。 我们希望这个信息将帮助他们明白并积极地采取行动来保护鸟。 我们需要更多的人帮助我们数和采取措施帮助鸟。 研究扎龙帮助我们了解关于保护野生动物。 阳光明亮的照耀当我们登上汽车的时候。 他也叫我们轻轻走并且不要吓着鸟。 它的面积超过 21 万公顷。
扎龙是许多不同种类植物和动物的家,包括不同种类的鸟。 我认为对于我来说采取措施保护鸟非常重要。 将报告写清晰对你来说很重要。
如果我能成为你俱乐部的一员我将会很高兴
你可以用 010-5558 6390 打电话给我,或者用这个地址 amy@sunshinetown.com.cn 给我发电子邮件。 他们简直迫不及待下周的演出
The meeting is to be held at 9:00 a. m. You are to come before 10:00 a.m. tomorrow. (5)一般现在时表将来
①表示根据规定、时间表或计划进行的动作或事情,一般不容易发生改变。如飞机起飞时间,公共汽车出发时 间,电影开始时间,毕业时间等,通常有表示将来的时间作状语: Our plane leaves at 6:00 a. m. . He retires next month. The term starts on September 1st.The train leaves at 7:30 this evening.火车今晚 7:30 发车。 ②此外在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中表用一般现在时将来: I will visit the temple if I have time.I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. (6)be about to do 表将来
表示此刻即将、正将要发生的动作,常与 when 引导的从句搭配: He was about to leave when the telephone rang. 2、形容词的否定构成 (加前缀 dis, un, im, in, ir 等)
uncomfortable unhappy unnecessary unimportant unfriendly unwelcome unable dishonest irregular impossible incorrect 否定形式 规律 例词 中文释义 dis- im- in- ir- 在字母 r 前 dishonest 在字母 p, m, b 前,初中 impossible 英语主要在字母 p 前 impatient incorrect inactive irregular useless careless homeless hopeless endless unimportant unpopular uncomfortable unnecessary unhappy unwelcome (大多数形容词否定前 uncommon 缀都是以 un-开头) unable unfriendly unhealthy unsafe unfair unusual impolite不诚实的 不礼貌的 不可能的 不耐烦的 不正确的 不活跃的 不规则的 无用的 粗心的 无家可归的 没有希望的 无尽的 不重要的 不流行的 不舒适的 不必要的 不开心的 不受欢迎的,讨厌的 不普通的 不能的 不友好的 不健康的 不安全的 不公平的 不同寻常的 -less 四、语法:
1、表示将来动作的不同方式比较: (1) 现在进行时表将来
一般是表示位移的动词可以用现在进行时表将来。 如:come, go, leave, drive, fly, start, arrive,move, stay, get, take, bring, have 现在进行时表将来:表示近期的,事先已经计划安排好的 -- How are you getting to the airport?-- By taxi. Bob is coming with me to the airport. (2) will do 和 shall do 表将来 ① 表客观将来。shall 用于第一人称,will 用于第一、二、三人称。 I will / shall finish middle school next month. ② 表有科学根据的预测。The weather report says it will rain tomorrow. ③ 表客观必然。Man will make mistakes. (3) be going to 表将来
① 表现在打算在近期或将来要做某事。I'm going to finish my homework tonight. ② 表根据已有迹象的预测。It's so dark outside, I think it's going to rain.
③ be going to 不与 come, go 连用,而用 be coming, be going 形式。Mary is coming here this evening. (4)be to do 表将来 表计划、安排、规定要做的事,有时表示义务、责任:
un- ☆特别提醒:
◇初中阶段,形容词否定前缀大多以 un-构成,除去少数几个以-less 否定后缀结尾外,不是以 un-否定前缀构 成的形容词基本上只有 7 个。 即上表中以 dis-, im-, in-, ir-开头的七个例词。换言之,如果把这七个词烂熟于心,那么记忆形容词否定前缀 就将事半功倍。
第 2 页 共 5 页
数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 ◇以 un-开头的形容词其前面的冠词用的是 an。例如:an unusual boy。
. ◇dis-否定前缀除了形容词 dishonest 外,还常常用在动词前构成否定形式,如 dislike, disagree, disappear 等。 如:His parents are teachers
(系动词和表语一起作谓语)
用所给单词的适当形式填空: We study hard . (行为动词作谓语) 1. You will be_____________ (able) to pass the exam if you don’t study hard. We have finished reading the book.
There are lots of ________ (common) kinds of birds in Zhalong. Many people like to go birdwatching there. (助动词和行为动词一起作谓语) 2.
It is ___________ (necessary) for you to walk the little dog once a week to the park. 3. He can speak English . It is ___________ (important) to keep quiet when you watch the birds and insects. 4. (情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语) He feels _________(happy) because he lost his wallet. 5. (三)宾语 There is a ________ (regular) rain in Sahara desert every year. 6.
宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主 Is it __________(possible) to get to the city by train? 7.
语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。 Some people are ___________ ( friendly) to birds. They throw stones to them. 8.
Some people feel ____ (happy) that government give poor people such small and ____(comfortable) flats. She is doing her homework now. (名词作宾语) 9.
She said (that)she felt sick. (宾语从句做动词宾语) 10. It is _______ (safe) to walk on the street at night.
11. We should keep students staying away from the ________ (healthy) books. We often help him. (代词作宾语) 12. These trainers are too small. They are ______________(comfortable) to wear. He likes to play basketball.他喜欢打篮球。(不定式作宾语) 13. If someone does not show good manners to others, he is ____________(polite). We enjoy listening to the music.我们喜欢听音乐。(动名词短语作宾语) 14. Jim never tells lies and he is an ___________ (honest) boy.
说明 1:宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物。宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名词,称
15. This girl is so __________(care) that she often makes mistakes in her homework.
为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外,动词不定式可做动词宾语;动名词和 ◇江苏 13 城市中考试题汇编◇
宾语从句也可用做动词宾语。 1. It's ________(friendly) of him to say such bad words to his classmates. (08常州)
说明 2:及物动词作谓语时,后面要跟宾语,宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象。
2. Don't get _________(patient) about your personal trouble. (08无锡) 3. He seemed ______(friend) at first, but now I've got to know him and I realize he's warm and kind. (08 徐州) 直接宾语指物。间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人,间接宾语指人。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前
不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟,如:give , show (给…看),bring , pass , buy 等。如
4. If someone doesn't show good manners to others, he or she is __________(polite). (08宿迁)
1. Our teacher told us a story .(us 为间接宾语)a story 为直接宾语。
5. It’s so ___________(不公平的)! Mary gets more money for less work. (09镇江)
2. The sun gives us light and warmth.(us 为间接宾语,light and warmth 为直接宾语)
6. The basketball team was __________(luck) to lose in the final minute of the game. (09徐州)
3. We sent him a telegram.我们给他打了电报。(him 为间接宾语,a telegram 为直接宾语)
7. In some ways, the space shuttles travel fast, but the journey to Mars may be very___(comfortable). (09泰州)
间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后。在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词“to”或“for”。在这种情况下,
8. it’s ___________(possible) for us to finish so much work within so little time. We need help. (2010南通)
间接宾语前加“to”的有:
9. Simon is such a __________(honest) person that no one believes him. (2010扬州)
give , show , send , bring , read , pass , lend , leave(留给), hand (交给), tell , return , write , throw(仍)promise
10. Don’t be ________(patient)! You should listen to what he is saying first. (2010常州)
(答应)refuse(拒绝)等。
11. It is _________(possible) for me to design the poster without your help. (2010泰州)
for 的有:make , buy , do , get , play (演奏),order (命令),sing , pay (为…交钱)
12. it’s not easy for those superstars to face ___________(无穷无尽的)interviews and doubts. (2010 镇江)
例如:
(1)I gave him a book.改成:I gave a book to him.
(2)He passed me the book. (他将书递给我)改成:He passed the book to me. 3、句子的成分及句子结构
(3)He wrote me a letter.改成:He wrote a letter to me. 一、句子的成分
(4)He will buy me some books.改成:He will buy some books for me. 在英文中句子成分包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语等
((一)主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当 5)She made me a cake.改成:She made a cake to me. ( 四)宾语补足语: 于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如:
在某些及物动词后面,需要用一个宾语再加一个宾语的补语才能表达完整的意思。在宾语后面补充说明宾语的 1. Comrade Chen is a well-known scientist.
动作、状态、特征的成分,称为宾语补足语。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式,分词等可用做 陈同志是著名的科学家。(名词作主语)
宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。 2. He reads newspapers every day .
他每天读报。(代词作主语) 如:They made her happy . (形容词) 3. Smoking is harmful to the health . I saw her dance. (不定式) 吸烟对健康有害。(动名词作主语) We’ll help make the Olympics a success. (名词) 4. To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure . Please let him in . (副词) 在昆明湖里游泳是非常愉快的事。(不定式作主语) We heard her singing a song. (分词短语) 5. What we shall do next is not yet decided . (五)表语: 下一步我们做什么还没定下来。(主语从句作主语) 表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、副词、介词,不定式及相当于名词或形容词或短 (二)谓语 语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和 I am a teacher 如:. (名词)He is always happy. (形容词)They are on the playground now. (介词短语)
第 3 页 共 5 页
等; It gets cold. (形容词)
3)既能用不定式又能用动名词作宾语,且有区别的常见动词:remember, forget, stop, go on, try, like, mean, 系动词除了有 am , is , are 还有 get(变得),sound(听起来),seem(看起来)feel 等特殊的词。
regret 如:It sounds interesting. (sound 为系动词,interesting 为表语)
4)既能用不定式又能用动名词作宾语,且无区别的常见动词:begin,start,hate 等。 (六)定语
For定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等。 example :
1).记住在你离开之前把窗子关上。 (还未做)Remember to close the window before you leave. 单词作定语时,通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。
2).我记得关了啊。 (已做过)But I remember closing it 如:The black bike is mine. (形容词)这辆黑色的自行车是我的。
3).哦,你忘了关灯了。 (还未做)I see. You forgot to turn off the lights What’s your name ? (代词)They made paper flowers. (名词)
(已做过)I forgot finishing my homework already 说明 1:当定语修饰不定代词如:nothing , anything , everything , something 等时,定语要放在其后作后置定语 4).我忘了已经写完作业了。
5).Mary 停下来去散步。(stop) Mary stopped to take/have a walk 如:I tell him something interesting .我告诉他一些有趣的事情。
6).他停止唱歌了。 He stopped singing. (形容词 interesting 作不定代词 something 的后置定语)
7).然后,他接下来去玩足球了。(go on)Then he went on to play football. He has something to do .他有一些事情去做(to do 为不定式作后置定语)
8).Tom 继续玩电脑游戏。 Tom went on playing computer games. 说明 2:短语或从句作定语时,也放在被修饰的名词之后。
9).我们尽量完成任务。(try) We try to finish the task. 如:The boys in the room are in Class Four.这间屋子里的男孩子们是 4 班的。
10).我试着修理自行车。(看有无结果) I tried mending the bike. in the room 是介词短语作 the boys 的后置定语。
4.S(七)状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义,一般由 +Vt+IO+DO
gave me a pen. 副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。状语一般放在句末,但有的可以放在句首、句中。 例如:He
主 谓 间宾 直宾 如:He did it carefully . (副词)We often help him. (副词)
1)这种结构也可将间宾放到直宾之后,但间宾前需加介词to(对象)或 for(目的); Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday . (介词短语)
例如:They lent the bike to the boy. When I grow up , I am going to be a teacher . (从句作时间状语
谓 主 直宾 间宾 二、句子结构
2)在间宾前加 to 的:For example: 英语五种基本句型列式
1. 昨天爸爸给我姐姐一个礼物。( give )My father gave a present to my sister yesterday. 1.S+V
2. Li Hua 给 Mary 他的照片。( show )Li Hua showed his pictures to Mary. 例如:I went to school at 7:00.
3. 我的朋友给老师了一封信。( send )My friend sent a letter to his teacher. 主 谓 状
4. 姐姐给妈妈带来一件漂亮的裙子。( bring )My sister brought a beautiful dress to Mother. 这一结构中的动词为不及物动词,其后没有宾语,后面可以跟副词、介词短语做状语。
5. 请把盐递给爸爸。( pass )Pass the salt to Father please. go, live, die, talk, swim, stay, 用以上词语造句(肯定,否定,疑问)
6. 他把自行车借给那个女孩了。( lend )He lent his bike to that girl. Examples:1).We go to school everyday. 2).I live in Xiangyang District now.
7. 以前,奶奶常给孩子们讲故事。( tell )My grandma told stories to children in the past. 3).My love for you will never die. 4).I want to talk with a foreigner.
5).Jerry can swim well. 6).Mr. Green will stay in China for a year. 昨天教学生一首英文歌曲。(t each )Tom taught an English song to his students yesterday. 8. Tom
2.S+V+P 3) 在间宾前加 for 的:
例如:The food smells delicious. 1. 他给我亲手做了一个生日礼物。( make )His made a birthday present for me.
主 系 表 2. 她的丈夫给她买了一个漂亮的项链。( buy )Her husband bought a beautiful necklace for her.
句子谓语动词不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表 3. 我们应该为残疾人做点什么。( do )We should do something for the disabled people. 达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem 等属一类,表示状态;get, grow, 4. 我们给老人们唱歌。( sing )We often sing songs for the old people. become, turn 等属另一类,表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保 最好用 S+Vt+IO+DO 结构的情况: 4)持其部分词义。如 look, sound, become, turn, keep,get 例如:I‘ll send it to you. For example:1).每个人看起来都不一样。(look) Everyone looks different. 直宾 间宾 2).那听起来很好。(sound) It sounds very good. We‘ll sing some songs for the friend from a foreign country 3).我现在成了一名教师。(become) I have become a teacher. 直宾 间宾 4).她脸红了。(turn) Her face turned red. a.当直接宾语是人称代词时:b.当直宾比间宾短时: 5).他现在成长得又高又壮。(grow) He grows tall and strong. 5.S+V+DO+OC 6).天色渐渐黑了。(get) It is getting dark. 例如:The boy wished his father to buy a bike for him. 3.S+V+DO 谓 宾 主 宾补
例如:He hopes to fly to the moon. 1)带 to 的不定式作宾补; 例如:She asked me to call him again.
主 谓 宾 很多动词后面都可以有这种宾补,这类动词有:ask,tell,want,wish,would,like,dislike,hate, advise,
1)只能用不定式作宾语的常见动词:want,hope,wish,would like,decide,agree,ask,can’t wait 等; allow, permit等。a.让 Tom 来给我们作报告 Ask Tom to give us a lecture. 2)只能用动名词作宾语的常见动词:mind,enjoy,keep,finish,admit appreciate avoid consider delay forgive b.我不愿意你走。 I wouldn’t like you to leave. imagine miss practice risk suggest, advise, allow, permit, feel like, give up, be busy doing, can’t stand, can't help 2)不带 to 的不定式作宾补;
第 4 页 共 5 页
例如:We often hear the girl sing the song.
能带这种复合宾语的动词为感官动词、短语动词和使役动词如let,feel,notice,help,make,have,listen to,hear,see,watch,look at,observe. a.星期天我帮助奶奶运水。 On Sunday, I help my grandma (to)carry water b.昨天晚上,我听到有人在唱歌。 Last night, I heard someone sing songs.
注:①如果这种结构变为被动语态,不定式就必然带to.②help 后的不定式可以带 to 也可不带 to. 3)分词作宾补;
例如:He heard somebody knocking on the window.
现在分词作宾补表示主动,且动作正在进行,过去分词作宾补表示被动,或动作已完成,也可以表示请别 人做某事。能带分词作宾补的常见动词为感官动词:see,hear,notice,watch,feel 及 find,get,have(这 三个动词为使役动词)等。
a.当我进来的时候,我看到你在玩电脑。 When I came in, I saw you playing computer. b.当我从教室经过时,听到有人在唱歌。 When I passed by the classroom, I heard someone singing songs. c.明天,我要理发。 Tomorrow I will have my hair cut. d.上周,我去修自行车。 Last week, I had my bike repaired. 4)名词作宾补;
例如:We must keep it a secret.这类复合宾语只有在有限的一些动词后使用,常见的动词有:name,call, make,elect,think,find,leave 等
What he have done made him a successful man. a.我叫这只狗“飞飞”。 I call the dog Feifei
b.我们让王明做我们的班长。We made WangMing our monitor What he have done made him a successful man.
5)形容词作宾补。
例如:You should keep the room clean.常见的能跟这种复合宾语的动词有:make,keep,find,want,wish, like,see,think,believe,leave 等。
The interesting story made me happy. leave me alone 让窗户开着.Keep the window open. 四、知识点
north/nature/provide/comfortable/round/while/space/tourist/importance/actively/wet/correct/litter/return/quiet/angry /noise/frighten/include/prevent/therefore/hobby/simply
第 5 页 共 5 页
等; It gets cold. (形容词)
3)既能用不定式又能用动名词作宾语,且有区别的常见动词:remember, forget, stop, go on, try, like, mean, 系动词除了有 am , is , are 还有 get(变得),sound(听起来),seem(看起来)feel 等特殊的词。
regret 如:It sounds interesting. (sound 为系动词,interesting 为表语)
4)既能用不定式又能用动名词作宾语,且无区别的常见动词:begin,start,hate 等。 (六)定语
For定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等。 example :
1).记住在你离开之前把窗子关上。 (还未做)Remember to close the window before you leave. 单词作定语时,通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。
2).我记得关了啊。 (已做过)But I remember closing it 如:The black bike is mine. (形容词)这辆黑色的自行车是我的。
3).哦,你忘了关灯了。 (还未做)I see. You forgot to turn off the lights What’s your name ? (代词)They made paper flowers. (名词)
(已做过)I forgot finishing my homework already 说明 1:当定语修饰不定代词如:nothing , anything , everything , something 等时,定语要放在其后作后置定语 4).我忘了已经写完作业了。
5).Mary 停下来去散步。(stop) Mary stopped to take/have a walk 如:I tell him something interesting .我告诉他一些有趣的事情。
6).他停止唱歌了。 He stopped singing. (形容词 interesting 作不定代词 something 的后置定语)
7).然后,他接下来去玩足球了。(go on)Then he went on to play football. He has something to do .他有一些事情去做(to do 为不定式作后置定语)
8).Tom 继续玩电脑游戏。 Tom went on playing computer games. 说明 2:短语或从句作定语时,也放在被修饰的名词之后。
9).我们尽量完成任务。(try) We try to finish the task. 如:The boys in the room are in Class Four.这间屋子里的男孩子们是 4 班的。
10).我试着修理自行车。(看有无结果) I tried mending the bike. in the room 是介词短语作 the boys 的后置定语。
4.S(七)状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义,一般由 +Vt+IO+DO
gave me a pen. 副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。状语一般放在句末,但有的可以放在句首、句中。 例如:He
主 谓 间宾 直宾 如:He did it carefully . (副词)We often help him. (副词)
1)这种结构也可将间宾放到直宾之后,但间宾前需加介词to(对象)或 for(目的); Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday . (介词短语)
例如:They lent the bike to the boy. When I grow up , I am going to be a teacher . (从句作时间状语
谓 主 直宾 间宾 二、句子结构
2)在间宾前加 to 的:For example: 英语五种基本句型列式
1. 昨天爸爸给我姐姐一个礼物。( give )My father gave a present to my sister yesterday. 1.S+V
2. Li Hua 给 Mary 他的照片。( show )Li Hua showed his pictures to Mary. 例如:I went to school at 7:00.
3. 我的朋友给老师了一封信。( send )My friend sent a letter to his teacher. 主 谓 状
4. 姐姐给妈妈带来一件漂亮的裙子。( bring )My sister brought a beautiful dress to Mother. 这一结构中的动词为不及物动词,其后没有宾语,后面可以跟副词、介词短语做状语。
5. 请把盐递给爸爸。( pass )Pass the salt to Father please. go, live, die, talk, swim, stay, 用以上词语造句(肯定,否定,疑问)
6. 他把自行车借给那个女孩了。( lend )He lent his bike to that girl. Examples:1).We go to school everyday. 2).I live in Xiangyang District now.
7. 以前,奶奶常给孩子们讲故事。( tell )My grandma told stories to children in the past. 3).My love for you will never die. 4).I want to talk with a foreigner.
5).Jerry can swim well. 6).Mr. Green will stay in China for a year. 昨天教学生一首英文歌曲。(t each )Tom taught an English song to his students yesterday. 8. Tom
2.S+V+P 3) 在间宾前加 for 的:
例如:The food smells delicious. 1. 他给我亲手做了一个生日礼物。( make )His made a birthday present for me.
主 系 表 2. 她的丈夫给她买了一个漂亮的项链。( buy )Her husband bought a beautiful necklace for her.
句子谓语动词不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表 3. 我们应该为残疾人做点什么。( do )We should do something for the disabled people. 达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem 等属一类,表示状态;get, grow, 4. 我们给老人们唱歌。( sing )We often sing songs for the old people. become, turn 等属另一类,表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保 最好用 S+Vt+IO+DO 结构的情况: 4)持其部分词义。如 look, sound, become, turn, keep,get 例如:I‘ll send it to you. For example:1).每个人看起来都不一样。(look) Everyone looks different. 直宾 间宾 2).那听起来很好。(sound) It sounds very good. We‘ll sing some songs for the friend from a foreign country 3).我现在成了一名教师。(become) I have become a teacher. 直宾 间宾 4).她脸红了。(turn) Her face turned red. a.当直接宾语是人称代词时:b.当直宾比间宾短时: 5).他现在成长得又高又壮。(grow) He grows tall and strong. 5.S+V+DO+OC 6).天色渐渐黑了。(get) It is getting dark. 例如:The boy wished his father to buy a bike for him. 3.S+V+DO 谓 宾 主 宾补
例如:He hopes to fly to the moon. 1)带 to 的不定式作宾补; 例如:She asked me to call him again.
主 谓 宾 很多动词后面都可以有这种宾补,这类动词有:ask,tell,want,wish,would,like,dislike,hate, advise,
1)只能用不定式作宾语的常见动词:want,hope,wish,would like,decide,agree,ask,can’t wait 等; allow, permit等。a.让 Tom 来给我们作报告 Ask Tom to give us a lecture. 2)只能用动名词作宾语的常见动词:mind,enjoy,keep,finish,admit appreciate avoid consider delay forgive b.我不愿意你走。 I wouldn’t like you to leave. imagine miss practice risk suggest, advise, allow, permit, feel like, give up, be busy doing, can’t stand, can't help 2)不带 to 的不定式作宾补;
第 4 页 共 5 页
例如:We often hear the girl sing the song.
能带这种复合宾语的动词为感官动词、短语动词和使役动词如let,feel,notice,help,make,have,listen to,hear,see,watch,look at,observe. a.星期天我帮助奶奶运水。 On Sunday, I help my grandma (to)carry water b.昨天晚上,我听到有人在唱歌。 Last night, I heard someone sing songs.
注:①如果这种结构变为被动语态,不定式就必然带to.②help 后的不定式可以带 to 也可不带 to. 3)分词作宾补;
例如:He heard somebody knocking on the window.
现在分词作宾补表示主动,且动作正在进行,过去分词作宾补表示被动,或动作已完成,也可以表示请别 人做某事。能带分词作宾补的常见动词为感官动词:see,hear,notice,watch,feel 及 find,get,have(这 三个动词为使役动词)等。
a.当我进来的时候,我看到你在玩电脑。 When I came in, I saw you playing computer. b.当我从教室经过时,听到有人在唱歌。 When I passed by the classroom, I heard someone singing songs. c.明天,我要理发。 Tomorrow I will have my hair cut. d.上周,我去修自行车。 Last week, I had my bike repaired. 4)名词作宾补;
例如:We must keep it a secret.这类复合宾语只有在有限的一些动词后使用,常见的动词有:name,call, make,elect,think,find,leave 等
What he have done made him a successful man. a.我叫这只狗“飞飞”。 I call the dog Feifei
b.我们让王明做我们的班长。We made WangMing our monitor What he have done made him a successful man.
5)形容词作宾补。
例如:You should keep the room clean.常见的能跟这种复合宾语的动词有:make,keep,find,want,wish, like,see,think,believe,leave 等。
The interesting story made me happy. leave me alone 让窗户开着.Keep the window open. 四、知识点
north/nature/provide/comfortable/round/while/space/tourist/importance/actively/wet/correct/litter/return/quiet/angry /noise/frighten/include/prevent/therefore/hobby/simply
第 5 页 共 5 页
因篇幅问题不能全部显示,请点此查看更多更全内容
Copyright © 2019- baomayou.com 版权所有 赣ICP备2024042794号-6
违法及侵权请联系:TEL:199 18 7713 E-MAIL:2724546146@qq.com
本站由北京市万商天勤律师事务所王兴未律师提供法律服务