考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及
考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及答案
A history of longand effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, itmay become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowingperiod after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight timeslarger than any competitor, giving its industries
unparalleled economies ofscale. Its scientists were the world ’best, its workers the most skilled.America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans andAsians whose economies the war had destroyed.
It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as
othercountries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance provedpainful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over theirfading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such asconsumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreigncompetition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith.(Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea ’sLG Electronics in July。)Foreign-made cars and
textiles were sweeping into the domestic market America -tool ’industry was on the ropes. For a while it looked as though themaking of semiconductors, which America had which sat at the heart of the
newcomputer age, was going to be the next casualty。
All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped
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考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及
takingprosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing businesswas failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall aswell. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into
the causes ofAmerica ’industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filledwith warnings about the growing competition from
overseas。
How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back onfive years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americansattribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or theturning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. “Americanindustry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has
learnt to be morequick-witted, ”according to Richard Cavanagh,
executive dean of Harvard ’KennedySchools of Government, “makesIt me proud to be an American just to see how our businessesare improving
their productivity, ” says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute,-tank think inWashington, DC. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business
School believesthat people will look back on this period as ofbusiness management in the United States。”
11. The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War
Ⅱ because_____。
[A]it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal [B]its domestic market was eight times larger than before
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a gold
“
考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及
[C]the war had destroyed the economies of most potentialcompetitors [D]the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus toits
economy
12. The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the
1980sis manifested in the fact that the American
。
[A]TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market
[B]semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreignenterprises [C]machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions [D]auto industry had lost part of its domestic market 13. What can be inferred from the passage?
[A]It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride。 [B]Intense competition may contribute to economic progress。
[C]The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation。
[D]A long history of success may pave the way for
furtherdevelopment。
14. The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy inthe
1990s can be attributed to the 。
[A]turning of the business cycle [B]restructuring of industry
[C]improved business management [D]success in education
名师分析
11. The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War
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考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及
Ⅱ because_____。
美国在二战后获得优势地位是由于 _____。
[A] it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal。 它为该目标付出了艰巨的努力。
[B] its domestic market was eight times larger than before。 它的国内市场比从前大八倍。 [C]
the war had destroyed the economies of most
potentialcompetitors。
战争摧毁了大部分潜伏竞争敌手的经济。
[D] the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus toits economy。
它无与伦比的劳动力规模给了经济推进力。
【答案】 C
【考点】 事实细节题。
【剖析】
第一段指出， “二战后，美国就进入了这样的一个绚烂
这使其工业经济规
的历史期间。它拥有比任何竞争者大八倍的市场，
模亘古未有。它的科学家是世上秀的，它的工人是技术的。美国及其 公众的富庶是那些经济受到战争损坏的欧洲人和亚洲人连做梦也不
敢想的 ”。所以利用清除法，确立答案是 [A] 。
12. The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the
1980sis manifested in the fact that the American
。
上个世纪 80 年月美国优势地位的丧失能够从美国 _______事实中
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考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及
看出来。
[A] TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market 电视工业已经退到国内市场
[B] semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreignenterprises 半导体家产已经被外国企业接收
[C] machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions 机床业已经自取消亡
[D] auto industry had lost part of its domestic market 汽车工业已经丧失了部分国内市场
【答案】 D
【考点】 事实细节题。
【剖析】 [A] 选项错误，由于第二段中说 “到 1987 年，美国只剩
下 Zenith 这一家电视生产商。 (此刻这一家也没有了： Zenith 于 7 月被韩国 LG 电器企业收买。 ) ”说明它连国内市场也保不住了。 [B] 选项错误，文中第二段最后一句提到， “在一段时间内，半导体系造业仿佛要成为下一个受害者 ”，但是事实上没有。 [C] 选项中谈到的机床业
已经自取消亡的说法错误，由于文中提到机床制造业
“危如累卵 ”(on
the ropes)，但是还没有消亡呢。 [D] 是适合的，由于第二段第六句提 到， “入口车和纺织品横扫国内市场 ”。
13. What can be inferred from the passage? 从本文中能够推测出哪个选项 ?
[A] It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride。
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考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及
在自我思疑和盲目骄傲之间摇晃是人的天性。
[B] Intense competition may contribute to economic progress。 强烈的竞争会致使经济的发展。
[C] The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation。
经济的复苏依赖国际的合作。
[D] A long history of success may pave the way for
furtherdevelopment。
一个长久成功的经历会为进一步的发展摊平道路。【答案】 B
【考点】 推测题。
【剖析】 第三段提到， “全部这全部致使了信心危机。美国人不再视繁华为理所自然之事。 他们开始思疑自己的商业经营方式出了问题，也思疑不久他们的收入就会降落。 20 世纪 80 年月中期对美国工业衰败的原由作了一次又一次的检查。 那些有时骇人听闻的结果中充满着对来自外国的加剧的经济竞争的警示 ”。第四段提到了 “90年月的
经济复苏。此中的含义是：在竞争的压力下，美国人在 80 年月家产构造调整，美国的工业已经改变了构造，除去了滞胀，学会了急智，所以带来了 90 年月的经济复苏 ”。所以能够得出强烈的竞争会致使经济的发展。此外三个选项都不适合。
14. The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy inthe
1990s can be attributed to the 。
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考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及
作者仿佛相信美国经济在上个世纪
90 年月的复苏能够归纳于
____。
[A]turning of the business cycle 经济周期的转折 [B]restructuring of industry 行业重组
[C]improved business management改良了的工商管理 [D]success in education 教育的成功 【答案】 A
【考点】 作者看法题。
【剖析】 在第四段，作者指出， “1995年，美国能够对过去 5 年的稳步发展作一回首， 而日本还在奋力挣扎。 极罕有美国人将这一巨变纯真归因于美元贬值或商业周期循环这些不言而喻的原由。此刻，对自己的思疑已被盲目乐观所代替 ”。这里作者实质上对目前美国人的盲目乐观情绪进行了责备，以为 90 年月的增加是由美元贬值或经济周期的起色等要素造成的。 [B] 是“RichardCavanaugh”的见解。 [C] 是“Stephen Moore的”见解。 [D] 选项文中没有说起。
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