语法专项6——特殊句式
英语中的特殊句式比较庞杂，但是根据历年来的高考试题和各地模拟试题看，对特殊句式的考查主要涉及：倒装句、省略句、强调句，偶尔也会涉及到祈使句和感叹句、反意疑问句。本专题择其重点讲后面四类特殊句式。
一、 近三年高考考题呈现。
1. [2018 北京]In any unsafe situation, simply _________(press) the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.
2. [2018 天津] It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ___________we saw Lily in the passenger seat. 3. [2017 天津] It was when I got back to my apartment ______ I first came across my new neighbors.
4. [2016 全国II] It could be anything—gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is, (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
5. [2017全国I ](改错2处) The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turning left!” I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. 二、 强调句
1. 基本结构：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他.
该句型可用来强调主语、宾语、表语、同位语和状语等，但不能用来强调定语或谓语。所强调的成分可以是单词、短语，也可以是从句，但结构必须完整。强调人时可用that或who来连接，强调事或物时只能用that连接。
It was he who/ that broke the window. (强调主语) It was her that we met at the school gate. (强调宾语)
It is because she is too young that she does not know how to deal with the situation. 正是因为她太年轻了， 所以不知道如何应对这种情况。 (强调原因状语从句) It’s not what we do once in a while that shapes our lives, but what we do consistently.影响我们生活的不是我们偶尔一次做的事，而是我们坚持做的事。 (强调主
语从句)
【注意】判断强调句型的方法:如果把It is/was 和who/that去掉,剩下的部分仍然是一个结构及意义完整的句子，则该句就是强调句型。
2. 一般疑问句形式：Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他?
Was it on a lonely island that he was saved one month after the boat went down? 3. 特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词+is/was it+ that/who+其他?
When was it that you call me yesterday?
【注意】如果强调句型的特殊疑问句作宾语从句时，要用陈述语序。
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I wonder who it was that told Jim the news.
4. 含有not... until…的强调句型It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其他.
(用于强调句型中的until不能用till 替换)
It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
5. 强调谓语动词，用“助动词do/does/did +动词原形”的形式。
If you have a job, do devote yourself to it and finally you’ll succeed. He did write to you last week. 上周他的确给你写信了。 6. 强调句与主语从句、定语从句、时间状语从句的区别
It is a pity that I can’t attend the international badminton competition. (主语从句，
it为形式主语，that引导的从句为真正主语)
It is easy to tell someone that is doing something bad. (定语从句，that指代前面的someone，在定语从句中作主语)
It was six o’clock when I got up today. (时间状语从句)
It was at six o’clock that I got up today. (强调句，it was…that…去掉，句子完整)
三、 祈使句
祈使句常用来表达命令、请求禁止建议警告、劝告等。
1. 祈使句的肯定式、否定式和强调式
祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you，但往往省略。祈使句的否定形式一般在动词原形前加don’t，也可用副词never构成。祈使句的强调形式可以在句首加do。
Get rid of your rubbish properly. (肯定式)
Never allow dogs or other pets to run freely in areas of nesting birds, other wildlife, or where signposted.不要让狗或是其他宠物在筑巢鸟类、其他野生动植物或有
指示牌的区域随处乱跑。 (否定式)
Do tell her the thing. 务必告诉她此事。(强调式)
2. “祈使句+ and/or +陈述句”结构的用法
祈使句(或名词词组)是后面陈述句的条件，陈述句多使用一般将来时。如果前后两个句子之间是顺承关系，用连词and (然后)；如果是转折关系，用连词or或or else (否则)。
Bring the flowers into a warm room and they will soon open. Hurry up, or you will be late. 四、 感叹句
感叹句常用来表示惊叹赞美、喜悦等语气。 What引导的感叹句:
① What+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!
② What+adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语! What a strange plant! I've never seen it before. What lovely children they are! How引导的感叹句:
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① How+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! ② How+adj. / adv.+主语+谓语! ③ How+主语+谓语!
How interesting a story it is! = What an interesting story it is! How time flies!
五、 反义疑问句
1. 陈述部分含有must的反意疑问句。
You must leave now, needn’t you? 2. 陈述部分含有宾语从句的反意疑问句。
We suppose you have finished the project, haven’t you? 3. 陈述部分含有否定词的反意疑问句。
There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, is there? Nothing happened last night, did it? 4. 祈使句的反意疑问句。
Close the window, will / won’t you? Let’s go to the bookstore, shall we?
巩固练习
一、单句填空。
1. John’s success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard work _______ has made him what he is today.
2. Seen from the top, it looked very beautiful. colorful the mountain is! 3. Bach died in 1750, but it wasn’t until the early 19th century his musical gift was fully recognized.
4. I don’t mind her criticizing me, but _______ is how she does it that I object to. 5. (observe) carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab. 6. I’ve already forgotten where was that you put the dictionary. 7. It was at the very beginning _______ Mr. Fox made the decision _______ we should send more firefighters there.
8. Always (keep) in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.
9. I don’t think the price of gas will go down this week, it?
10. It was the culture, rather than the language, made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad. 二、单句改错
1. It was at that moment when I realized words could be powerful in both positive and
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negative ways.
2. But it turned out that it was another student took my lunch box mistakenly.
3. While I was wondering, I saw the boy painting a panda on the wall. And the footprints
became the panda’s black eyes. What smart the boy was! 4. On the one hand, reading newspaper do bring us benefits. 5. On the contrary, I think it is Tom, rather than you, is to blame.
6. Doing as well as you can today, and perhaps you may be able to do better tomorrow. 7. Brian told you that there wasn’t anyone in the room at that time, doesn’t he?
8. There was not until I came back home that I realized I had forgotten my key in my
office.
9. If you apply for the post, making full preparations for it and finally you’ll succeed. 10. You and I could hardly work together, couldn’t we?
11. It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village where the hostess
cooked such a nice dinner.
12. As winter makes way for spring, how beautiful flowers these are in our campus! 13. Nowadays, was it the stable and comfortable life that makes us forget the fierce
competition of the outside world? 三、单句写作。
1. 正如你所知，正是他的幽默感使得他受到老师和同学的欢迎。(使用强调句)
As you know, 2. 我真的很抱歉我不能信守诺言，因为我突然被告知要去参加英语竞赛。(强调谓语)
, because I was
suddenly informed that I need to attend an English competition. 3. 是你的努力，而不是你的智力决定你的成功。(使用强调句)
4. 让我们一起努力，尽我们所能让地球变成美好的家园。(使用祈使句)
to make our
earth a better place to live in.
5. 当我收到你的来信的时候，我是多么地兴奋啊！(使用感叹句)
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