Chapter4翻译的基本技巧

Chapter 4翻 译 的 基 本 技 巧

１. 增译法

1.1增量词（名量词和动量词）

1）To the east a faint pink is spreading.一抹浅红正向东方扩展。

2）I was extremely worried about her, but this was neither the place nor the time for a lecture or an argument.我真替她万分担忧，但此时次地既不不宜教训她一番，也不宜与她争论一通。

１.2.汉语中名词复数的增补

1) The lion is the king of animals.百/万兽之王。

2) Fogs hid the mountain peaks.层层薄/云雾遮蔽了重重峰峦。

3) Reports of new successes keep pouring in.捷报频传。

4) Disappearances occurred with apparently increasing frequency…失踪事件/接连不断接二连三地发生，显然越来越频繁

5) As soon as winter was over and the primroses began to bloom.冬天一过，迎春花竟相/便朵朵开放。

6) She warmly welcomed her guests in and brought them a cup of tea.她热情地将客人们迎了进来，然后给他们各/每人/一一端一杯水。

7) what you have been looking for, my friend, is the chance to throw yourself into the world of University Societies, and discover the huge range of activities .我的朋友，你一直在寻找的就是将你自己投

1

身到大学社团中的机会，去发现丰富多彩的、各种各种的活动。

8) The roofs of the pagoda are constructed of colored glazed tiles of yellows and greens.这座宝塔的屋顶是用深浅不一、浓淡不一/深深浅浅的黄色和绿色琉璃瓦盖成的。

１.3. 补充英语句子结构省略部分。

1) Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness, affection( ) weakness, thrift( ) avarice. 勇敢过度，即成蛮勇；疼爱过度，即成溺爱；俭约过度，即成贪婪。

2)Football is about ego, () respect, ()national pride.足球事关自我、尊严、事关民族尊严。

读书使人充实、讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确

3)Histories make men wise; poets() witty; the mathematics() subtle; natural philosophy() deep; moral () grave; logic and rhetoric () able to contend.读史书使人明智，读诗歌使人灵锈，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。

4)When the country ( South Korea) won the right to co-host the World Cup , it saw a chance to showcase itself ---particularly to Japan , its neighbour, and ( a chance to showcase itself to) the U.S , its oft-contentious ally.韩国获得世界杯的合办权时，它找到了一个展示自己实力的机会，尤其时向其邻国日本，以与其矛盾不断的盟国美国展示的机会。

1.4英语的替代结构有代词，而汉语则习惯于用重复名词。

1)He hated failure ; he had conquered it all his life, ( )risen above it, ( )despised it in others.它讨厌失败，它一生中曾战败失败，超越失败，并且藐视别人的失败。

2

2)无论你是相保持已有的兴趣，还是培养新的爱好，你首先应该到牛津大学学生会的新生集会上去看看那些令人眼花缭乱的俱乐部。Whether you want to pursue an exiting interest or develop new ones, your first move should be to check out the bewilderingly large array of clubs at eh OUSU Freshers Fair.

OUSU=oxford university student union

3)English prose is elaborate rather than simple. It was not always so.如今的英国散文华美而欠简朴，以往的情况却并非如此。

1.5．英汉词汇的语义范围

1)These early cars were slow, clumsy, and inefficient.这些早期的汽车速度车速缓慢，车身/行动笨拙，蚝油量大。

2)It is pointed out that the sheer increase in quantity of products has imposed on enormous cost on society in the form of pollution , crowding, proliferation of wastes that need disposal, and debilitating psychological and social effects. 一味追求产品数量的增长已经让社会付出了巨大的代价。比如环境污染，交通拥挤，需特殊处理废物的激增，以及由此造成的负面的心里及社会影响。

1.6根据意义上需要而进行的增补

1) Air pressure decreases with altitude.气压随着海拔高度的增加而下降。

2) I was taught that two sides of a third are greater than the third.

3)Marco quickly learned that language and custom of the Chinese.

马可很快就学会了中国人的语言，适应了中国人的风俗习惯。

3

4) When I came to ,I was in the water, swimming automatically, though I was about two thirds drowned.

当我清醒过来时，发现自己在水里，虽然差点淹死，却本能地浮着。

5)Without a sense of your fault , how can repentance and amendment be expected?

如果对自己的错误都认识不到，怎麽能够指望他悔恨和改正呢？

6)Tess is queer.苔丝的脾气可古怪呢

1.7. 为了修辞上的需要

1) All is not gold that glitters.

闪闪发光的东西不一定都是金子。

2) But he knew life, its foulness as well as its fairness, its greatness in spite of the slime that infested it….

可是他懂得生活，懂得生活里的美，也懂得生活里的丑；懂得生活是伟大的，尽管生活里多是泥沼

3) He was concerned mainly with the historical relations between and within languages.

他主要研究语言与语言之间的历史关系和各种语言本身的历史关系。

4) Their host served, cut bread, talked, laughed, proposed health.

他们的主人，又是上菜呀，又是切面包呀，又是说啊，又是笑啊，还敬酒呢，忙个不停。

4

1.8增加概括性的词汇

1)The thesis summered up the new achievements made in electronic computers, artificial satellites and rockets. 沦为总结了电子计算机人造卫星，和火箭三方面的新成就。

2)According to the scientists, it makes nature 500 years to create an inch of topsoil.据。。。研究/观点， 自然界要用500的时间才能形成一英寸厚的表层土壤。

1) after all preparations were made, the plane took off.一切准备工作就绪以后，飞机就起飞了

2) Nevertheless, they all emphasize that pollution of air and water, noise and congestion, and the mechanization of the work process are very real and very serious problems.然而他们一致强调：水、空气、噪音污染、交通拥挤、机械性得工作等问题的确是很严重得现实问题

3) Meanwhile individual schools are moving on their own to redress the imbalance between teaching and research. 与此同时，各学校正采取行动改变教学与研究之间得不平衡现状

1.9.原文中无颜色词,译文根据具体语境增添色彩词以突出色彩

1) He didn’t try in vain.他没有白干.

2) Her eyes became moist.他的眼睛红了.

3) It like a windfall, like a Godsend, like an unexpected piece of luck它向飞来的吉庆,像天降洪福,像意外红运.

2.减词: 2.1 Omission of the pronoun: He put his hands into his pockets and then shrugged his shoulders他把双手放进口袋,然后耸了耸肩膀

5

1) For two weeks, he had been studying the house, looking at its rooms, its electric wiring, its path and its garden.两周以来,他一直注意观察房子的情况,查看各个房间,留心电线的走向\\通道和花园的布局.

2) They went into dinner . It was excellent, and the wine was good. Its influence presently had its effect on them. They talked not only without acrimony, 他们进入餐厅用餐.美酒佳肴,顿受感染,言谈间不但没有恶言恶语,甚至还充满友好之情.

2.2omission of the article:

1)The moon was slowly rising above the sea.月亮慢慢从海上升起来.

The direction of a force can be represented by an arrow.力的方向可以用肩头表示.

2.3 omission of the preposition

1) Smoking is prohibited in public places公共场所禁止抽烟

2) Hydrogen is the lightest element with an atomic weight of 1,0008.氢是最轻的元素,原子量为100008.

3) I do not doubt you have a justification in your mind.我不怀疑，您是言之有据的。

2.4omission of the conjunction

1) He looked gloomy and troubled.他看上去有些忧郁不安.

2) If I had known it, I would not have joined it.早知如此,我就不参加了.

3) I’ve been rich and I’ve been poor--- and I can tell you , rich is better. 富裕也罢，贫穷也罢，

6

我都经历过。说实话，富裕当然胜过贫穷。

2.5omission of the impersonal pronoun “it”

1) Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs外面一团漆黑,大雨倾盆.

2) This formula makes it easy to determine the Wave length of sounds这一公式使得测定声音的波长十分简单.

2.6Omission of the verb

1) Solids expand and contract as liquids and gases do.如同液体和气体一样,固体也能膨胀和收缩.

2) For this reason television signals have a short range.因此,电视信号的传播距离很短.

3.加注annotation: 由于文化差异，英语中某些词义在汉语中根本就不存在，形成了词义上的空缺(gap)。 在这种情况下，常采用加注法来弥补。加注可分为分音译加注和直译加注。

人的本名用音译法：李逵黑旋风：Li Kui the Black Whirlwind whirlwind means a very powerful wind that extremely fast, carrying away anything in its path

a whirlwind tour/romance / emotions

卢柴棒Spindle（纺锤）-shanks （工具的长柄或小腿／肉）

3.1音译加注

4) cartoon 卡通片； 2)Hamburger 汉堡包；3 ) Benz 奔驰车；4) Bingo 宾果游戏（一种游戏）; talk show脱口秀；e-mail, internet

7

5) El Nino 厄尔尼诺现象

6)Totem 图腾形象7)Hygeia herself would have fallen sick under such a regimen; and how much more this poor old nervous victim?

照这样去养生，别说这可怜的老太太了，就连健康女神哈奇亚也会得病的。（哈奇亚是希腊神话中的健康女神）

8)You look like AL-Capone in that suit.

穿上那套衣服，你看上去就像坏蛋阿尔·卡彭。（阿尔·卡彭是美国历史上臭名昭著的歹徒）

9)A dead leaf fell in Mary’s lap. That was Jack Frost’s card.

一片枯叶飘落到马丽的膝上。那是杰克·拂罗斯特的名片。（杰克·拂罗斯特是对寒霜的拟人称呼）

3.2. 直译加注1)big Apple 大苹果（纽约的别称）；

2)Oval Office 椭圆形办公室/egg-shaped office （美国白宫总统办公室）

3）Desert Stone 沙漠风暴 4）It was Friday and soon they’d go out and get drunk.

星期五发薪日到了，他们马上就要上街去喝个酩酊大醉。（星期五是英国的发薪日payday）

5）Even before they were acquainted, he had admired Osbom in secret. Now he was his valet, his dog, his man Friday.

在没有认识奥斯本之前，他就已经暗暗地佩服他。如今成了他的听差，他的狗，他的忠实仆人星期五。（星期五在Ronbinson Crusoe 中是忠实的奴仆。）

8

4.转性４.１名词变动词

★Tess’s pride would not allow her to turn her head again, to learn what her father’s meaning was, if he had any…苔丝出于自尊， 不愿再回头去看父亲在搞什么名堂， 如果他真有什么名堂的话……。

★They( franchises )are a factor of rising importance in economy.特许经营在经济领域中的地位日益提高

★The seizure of American hostages in Iran sharpened the pain of national humiliation. 伊朗方面扣押美国公民作为人质，这更让美国人倍感耻辱。

★But the real boom in franchising began in the late 1950s , with the proliferation of hotels and motels like Holiday Inn and fast-food establishments like Baskin-Robbins, and Dunkin’ Donuts. 而特许经营真正的春天则始于二十世纪五十年代后期，此时假日酒店之类的旅馆合汽车旅馆迅速扩散开来，巴斯金－宾斯和唐金甜面包圈之类的快餐企业更是遍地开花。

4.2形容词变动词 ★Londoners are great readers.伦敦人很喜欢/热爱阅读。

★She was gazing across the sea, apparently ignorant of him.她在眺望大海，显然没有看见他。

４.３介词变动词

★I saw that his face was pale. I followed his eyes and looked across the room to a woman who was setting a tray of drinks before some customers.

我看见他脸色煞白。我循着他的目光， 看到餐厅那边有个女人端着托盘给几位客人上饮料。

★with these words, he went away.

9

说完这些话，他便走开了

★On a third voyage in 14 Columbus found Trinidad and explored the northern coast of South America.

１４８９年哥伦布第三次出航，哥伦布找到发现了特立尼达，探访了南美的北部海岸线。

４.４英语的介词转成汉语的副词。如果转成“地”，译文比较呆板。

★She spoke to him with tenderness她和她说话时，声音非常柔和

★The audience stared at the acrobat in amazement 观众呆呆地望着那位杂技员，惊讶不已。

４.５形容词变名词

★The life of the unemployed is very hard.失业者的生活很艰难

★the latest trend in franchising has been diversification in the variety of products offered.特许经营的最新发展趋势是经营的产品丰富多样／

★The increasing prosperity of China has brought pride to all the Chinese people in the world.中国日益繁荣昌盛，全世界华人都为之骄傲。

.６其它

1)In those years the Republicans were in.那些年是共和党执政。

2)She recognized the absurdity of dealing with them through intermediaries.她认识到，通过中间人与他们打交道是愚蠢的。(名变形)

10

3)I have the honor to tell you that you’ve won the prize.我很荣幸地告诉你你的奖了。

4)There was a steady increase in production.生产稳步增加。

5.变态5.1被动变主动

1）Heat is constantly produced by the body as a result of muscular and cellular activity.由于肌肉和细胞活动的结果，身体不断地产生热。

2))To explore the moon’s surface , rockets were launched again and again.为了月球表面,人们…

5.2．仍用被动，有标记或无标记 I was truly dumbfounded by this deep fury that possessed her whenever she looked at me.

她一见到我就这么气势汹汹地，真把我惊呆了。

1) The visitors was flattered and impressed.客人受宠若惊，深为感动。

2) As soon as all the facts have been found out, we can begin to formulate a theory.一旦所有事实为人们所发现，理论既可形成。

4)The problem is being studied. 这个问题正在研究。

5)Levi’s jeans were first introduced to the East, apparently, during the dude-ranch craze in the 1930s…

李唯的牛仔裤最初引进到东部, 显然是在20世纪30年代的农场度假热潮中……

11

5.3．主动变被动：1) His acceptance into the Party is a quite natural thing.他被吸收到党内是完全应该的。

2)Appalled by what he had done, Bob rushed to the parapet and flung himself on the rocks below, where the sea claimed him immediately.

鲍波对他所做的一切感到震惊，他冲到护墙外，纵身跳到下面的岩石上，立即被大海吞没。

5.4灵活方式，消解被动语态。

1）In the course of my travels in America I have been impressed by a kind of fundamental malaise which seems to me extremely common and which poses difficult problems for the social reformer.

我在旅美期间，注意到了一种根深蒂固的忧郁症。我觉得这种忧郁症似乎极其普遍，这就给社会改革家出了难题。

2）Each year, more than 250,000,000 items of Levi’s clothing are sold---including more than 83,000,000 pairs of riveted blue jeans.

每年，李维服装的销售量超过2。5亿件。其中包括8，300多万条钉有铆钉的兰色牛仔裤。

6.正译与反译

6.1.正说转反说。1)frost-free refrigerator 无霜冰箱; 2)Freeze! 别动！ 3)Wet paint!油漆未干！

5) A pollution free car 无污染的车

6) Keep off the lawn! 请勿践踏草坪！

12

7) As he sipped his coffee, he opened a still damp morning paper and began reading.

他一面喝咖啡，一面翻开油墨未干的晨报，看了起来。

8) Father’s attitude toward anybody who wasn’t his kid used to puzzle me.

以前我总不懂父亲为什麽对那些脾气和他不一样的人采取那麽个态度。

9) He went to an outdoor phone booth and dialed Chicago, then New York, then San Francisco.

Silence. Science. Science.

他去了一个户外公用电话亭，先给 又给打了电话。

没有回音，没有回音，还是没有回音。

10) Because our lives are confined by my modest salary, the surface of Ethel’s life is easy to describe.

由于我的工资不高，我们的日子过得处处受制，因此 的生活的外表也就很容易勾画出来。

9）The naughty boy is far from honest and his excuse is pretty thin.

这个调皮的男孩很不老实，他的借口一点也站不住脚。

10)They were of course all intending to be surprised; but their astonishment was beyond their expectation…

当然大家都作好了惊讶的准备，但却没料到会惊讶到这个地步

13

11)she failed to perceive the difference.她看不出有什么不同的地方

12)The ancient vase is above price.那个古花瓶是无价之宝

13)stop behaving like a fool别像个傻瓜似的。

14) it is beyond his power to preside over such an important meeting meeting.主持这样重要的会议是他力所不能及的。

*有时, 英文中正说的句子可以处理为正说、反说都可以， 但处理成反说可能更自然、更顺畅。

I knew her before I ever met your mother.我没遇见你妈妈之前就认识她了。

6.2.反说转正说: I couldn’t agree more.我完全同意。

1) You can’t be too careful.你要特别小心。

2) It was a very discreet flat and not unsuitable for a lonely man.这套房间为孤单人考虑得十分周到，真适合他们居住。

3) Until recently, scientists have been unable to devise a drill which would be capable of cutting through hard rock at great depths.

科学家到目前才设计出一种能穿透坚硬岩石的钻机，达到地壳的深处。问题现在已经解决了。

５）the lion is no less cruel than the tiger.狮子与老虎一样残忍

６）there is nothing in his house but bare walls他家徒四壁

14

７）no smoking 严禁吸烟

８）he came back with no hope on his face.他满脸绝望地回来了。

7.3.double negation

1) Not for nothing does a weasel come to a chicken and give New Year greetings.黄鼠狼给小鸡拜年一定有目的。

2) He is nothing if not a scoundrel.他简直是个十足的流氓。

3) Not a day passes without shooting and bombardments between those two countries. 两国间每天都有击炮轰。

７.抽象与具体:from the abstract to the concrete

1)if we attack quickly, we can nip the enemy’s plans in the bud.如果我们迅速进攻，可以把敌人的计划消灭在萌芽状态。

2)The Great Wall is a must for most foreign visitors to Beijing. 对于大多数去北京的外国访客，万里长城是必不可少的参观游览项目。

3)As Albert Einstein once said, “Life for the American is always becoming , never being.”对美国人来说，生活总是在变化不息，而从来不会原地踏步。

4)评论家和读者之间，也就是理智与情感之间的这种分歧如何解释呢？How do we account for this split between the critics and the readers, the head and the heart?

15

5)No, if I read any, it should be Mrs. Radcliffe’s. Her novel are amusing enough; they are worth reading; some fun and nature in them.

我要是看小说,那就看拉德克利夫夫人的.她的小说倒挺有意思, 值得一读.那里面多少有点逗趣的内容和对大自然的描写.

6)那东西对我来说又贵又没有用。That would be a white elephant to me.

1. from the concrete to the abstract

1)Henry knows he can depend on his family, rain or shine.他知道不论境遇如何，他都可把家庭作为靠山。

2)What is learned in the cradle is carried to the grave.少时所学，到老不忘。

3)Novelty is based on modesty.创新来源于谦虚的态度。

８.释义

1)This man is the black sheep of the family这个人是家庭中的害群之马

2)I have let my cat out of the bag already, and I might as well tell the whole thing now.我已经泄露了秘密，我干脆把全部情况都告诉你吧。

3)Grammar may be her heel of Achilles.语法是她的一个致命弱点

4)You’d better pull up your socks next term.下个学期你最好加把油

5) Our son must go to school. He must break out of the pot that holds us in.

16

我们的儿子一定得上学，一定要出人头地。

Exx:

1)Similarly, expensive cell phones are offered as freebies to gain contracts for phone services.同样，昂贵的手机也可以作为馈赠物品来获取电话服务业务。

2）Early Reagan was a mirror image of early Carter. 里根上台时在做法上与执政初期的卡特毫无二致。

3）The study had a Spartan look 这间书房有一种简朴的景象

4)with a television and magazine ad campaign launched last year, the company is targeting baby-boomers, especially women. 该公司去年在电视和杂志上发动了一场广告战，如今又将（促销活动）的目标对准青年一代，尤其是对准年轻女性。[高峰时期出生的一代人）

5）Putting myself in his shoes, I realized that someday they might pinch my feet, I ,too, could become dependent the kindness of strangers.我设身处地地想一想，意识到有一天自己也会出于同样的境地，也会依赖陌生人的善意。

6) My knuckles whitened from my tense grip on the steering wheel,我紧紧地握着方向盘，指关节绷得没有了血色。

7)Mr. Kingsley and his Red Brick boys will have to look to their laurels.

金斯利先生和他那些二流大学的学生们得小心翼翼地保持已经取得的荣誉。

Laurels means sth that one has achieved already

17

注解：Red Brick 又称Red Brick universities, 指英国除牛津、剑桥大学（它们的建筑均为古色古香的石块砌成）以外的其他地方性二流大学/local universities（其建筑主要是由红专砌成的，因而得名）

8)It’s not easy to become a member of that club — they want people who have plenty of money to spend, not just every Tom, Dick, and Hary.要参加那个俱乐部并非易事— 他们是吸收手头阔绰的人，而不是普通老百姓。

注解：Tom, Dick, and Hary 是英美常见的名字，相当于汉语的张三，李四和王五。另外，还有Tony and George也较常见。有人认为，

9. 分译

9.1 单词分译：

1) Tobacco addicts remain hopelessly blind to signs that say No Smoking.

瘾君子对那些“严禁吸烟”的布告牌视而不见，真是不可救

2)The rain drummed on the eaves of her garden flat.雨点如鼓点般达打在她花园住宅的屋檐上，砰然作响。

4)The prisoners are permitted to receive Red Cross food parcels and write censored letters.

允许战俘领取红十字会的食品包裹，也允许他们写信，不过信要受到检验。

5)At present people have a tendency to choose the safety of the middle-ground reply.

如今，人们都倾向于采取不偏不倚的态度来回答问题，因为它安全，无风险。

18

6) But her grasp of a subject is inferior to none. 但是她对于事物的精辟见解，可不弱于任何人。

7）Details of the continuing probe are just now emerging.这项调查工作在继续进行，有关细节刚刚露出端倪。

8)Much attention in international economic and political affairs understandably focuses on the welfare gap between the develop and developing countries.

人们在国际经济和政治事件中对发达国家与发展中国家之间的差距给予了极大关注,这是可以理解的.

9.2．短语分译：Please reply at your earliest convenience.您要是方便，请尽早回信。

1) Handsome young men must have something to live on, as well as the plain.美男子和凡夫俗子一样，也要有饭吃，有衣穿。

2) They swept past us in a flurry of laughter.他们一阵风似的从我们身边走过，发出阵阵笑声。

4)I was only six when I was rushed to the hospital with two crushed feet.我的两只脚被压伤了，被急急忙忙地送进了医院，当时我只有六岁。

5)He was a farmer’s son, one of seven children.她是农民的儿子，兄弟姐妹共有七个。6)Invitingly green Angel Island, once a military installation, contains meandering trails and picnic spots ideal for a day’s excursion.

迷人的天使岛郁郁葱葱，小径蜿蜒，是一日游的理想野餐场所。但在过去它却是一个军事基地。

7)These cheerful little trams, dating back to 1873, chug and sway up the towering hills with bells ringing and people hanging from every opening.

19

这些令人欢快的小缆车建于1873年，嘎织嘎织地摇摇摆摆爬上高耸的山峦。车上铃儿叮当作响，每个窗口都是人。

9.3句子的分译：9.3.1 简单句的分译。 simple sentence can be translated into two

1）Its crisp climate and heart-stopping views make it a great walking town for the fit.

这里的气候凉爽干燥，景观令人惊叹，对于身体好的人来说是徒步游览的好去处。

2）This turn-of-the-century structure is the place to catch the ferry to Sausalito.

这座房子建于世纪更迭时期，就在这儿乘船去。

9.3.2并列复合句的分译: The trouble with the digital revolution is that computers may have speeded up many of the processes of modern life, but they still remain relatively difficult to use.数字给我们带来了一些烦恼：计算机一方面可能已加快了现代生活中许多方面的进程，但另一方面相对而言仍然很难使用。

1) Helen March picked up the telephone seconds after the first ring and sounded puzzled when Alan asked for June.

电话铃响过，海伦拿起话筒。听到爱伦问起琼，她的声音流露出迷惑的语调。

2) The entire cable-car system recently got an overhaul after more than a century of operations, so you are on firm ground even if the streets seem to be tilting beneath you.

在运行了一个世纪之后，最近对整个缆车系统进行了彻底检修。所以，即使你觉得街道似乎在下面倾斜，你在缆车上仍很安全。

20

4）Thousands of these “painted ladies” — rainbow-hued Victorian houses — went up in flames during the fire following the great quake of 1906 which shattered the city’s foundations.

在1906年大地震后的大火中，成千上万的“红粉佳人”— 维多利亚时期颜色如彩虹的房子— 葬身火海。这场地震摧毁了城市的根基。

5）The day before I was to leave I went walking across the river to the red masa, where many times before I had gone to be alone with my thoughts.

临行前一天， 我淌过河来到红石山下。我以前曾多次来过这里，独自遐想一番。

6）Having worked in advertising in Tokyo in his twenties, the Estonian-born rebel with a cause eventually made his way to Vancouver, where in 19 he founded the magazine Adbusters and helped launch a movement called culture jamming

二十几岁时，她曾在东京从事广告业，但后来，这位具有反叛精神的爱沙尼亚人心怀远志，进军温哥华，19年在那儿创办《广告冲击波》杂志，并协助发起了一场所谓的“文化干扰”运动。

10.合译：10.1同义词的合译: 将两个或两个以上的同义词的合译成一个词.

1) Then, slowly, slipping and sliding down the glass, it would melt, its beauty fleeting. 雪花慢慢地从玻璃上滑下来,滑着化着,美丽瞬间逝去.

2) He was kindly, generous and obliging.他乐善好施.

3) In designing advertisements for other countries, messages need to be short and simple.为其他国家设计广告,用词须简洁.

21

10.2.将内在意义存在一定相关性的一些非同义词合译在一起。

1) It smelled a sweet, intense smell of fruit.它发出了水果的香浓味。

2) My idyll would have been perfect had it not been for a persistent bee that began buzzing around me.要不是蜜蜂在我身边嗡嗡叫个不停，我一定会非常安闲自在。

3) The soft green of the trees had changed to wiry branches.树木已经枯枝叶落。

10.3固定词组的合译。All the ones we have seen here have four-star abilities with five-star abilities.我们在此看到的所有人都是些眼高手低之辈。

1) I was examined and re-examined.我受到再三盘问。

2) We should stick to the Four Cardinal Principles and press ahead with reform and opening up.我们应该坚持四项基本原则和改革开放。

3) He threw on a coat and left home in a hurry.他套上件衣服，匆匆忙忙地离开了家里。

10.4习语、谚语、和俚语的合译。

as light as a feather轻如鸿毛

to take a load off one’s mind如释重负

to run in the same groove; to cut from the same cloth如出一辙

to make a beast of oneself形同禽兽

22

10.5．简单句与简单句的合并。

1) We are all alike. We all have families.我们同样都有家。

2) She is intelligent, ambitious and hard-working. She is also good at solving problems.

她很有才智、雄心勃勃、工作努力，还善于解决问题。

3) He was shocked. Never before had anyone come alone, on foot, to his father’s cabin.

他大为震惊，因为过去从来没有人孤身步行去过他父亲的小木屋

10.6.复合句的合并

1) The judge said that it was difficult to comprehend why the police acted so in this matter.

法官认为很难理解这么做的动机。

2）Many people have married whose chances to do so were much inferior to Miss Martha’s.

许多条件远不如玛莎的人都已经结婚了。

3）The diagnosis seems in every case to correspond exactly with all the sensations that I have ever felt.

每次看病的诊断似乎都与我所有的感完全相符。

23