广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷2018年613-英语水平考试(自命题)

广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷

考试年度：2018年 考试科目代码及名称：613-英语水平考试(自命题) 适用专业：050201 英语语言文学

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一、 Cloze 完形填空（30题，每题1分，共30分）

Passage One Dear Miss Brown,

Thank you for your letter of 5 October, concerning faulty goods purchased in our store in Basingstoke.

I am very sorry indeed that you were not satisfied with the celebration chocolates that you bought from our store. I can 1 ┄┄ your disappointment when you discovered that the chocolates were not as shown on the 2 ┄┄and were, in 3 ┄┄, all the same shape.

Our company is always trying to improve the 4 ┄┄of its merchandise, and we are very unhappy when one of our products does not 5 ┄┄satisfaction.

The manufacturers of our chocolates have 6 ┄┄guidelines for production, which should 7 ┄┄instances such as this from happening. Obviously our checking and packing procedures were not 8 ┄┄, and we will discuss this with the manufacturers. In the 9 ┄┄, I regret the disappointment you were 10 ┄┄. As a gesture of goodwill, I have pleasure in refunding the 11 ┄┄of the chocolates, and enclose a gift voucher that you can 12 ┄┄in our Basingstoke branch.

Thank you for bringing this matter to our 13 ┄┄. I hope any future purchases you may 14 ┄┄at our stores will be up to our 15 ┄┄high standards.

Yours sincerely, A N Ferguson A N Ferguson

Customer Relations

1. A. know 2. 3. 4.

B. B. B. B.

distinguish layer fact goodness

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C. C. C. C.

understand parcel honesty quality

D. D. D. D.

recognise envelope detail grade

A. A. A.

packaging point worth

5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

A. A. A. A. A.

meet straight prevent followed while brought cost employ view move ordinary

B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B.

supply pure avoid admitted meantime caused money operate attention have usual

C. C. C. C. C. C. C. C. C. C. C.

present immediate forbid confirmed period effected amount apply sight make common

D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D.

give clear contain engaged space produced bill use regard do natural

10. A. 11. A. 12. A. 13. A. 14. A. 15. A.

Passage Two

During the last year, we announced the significant expansion of our plastic sheeting plant in Malaysia, which, together with the acquisition of the Indonesian factory, will approximately double the Group’s manufacturing 16…. The cost of this development is within 17… and will be approximately $5.6m, of which $2.7m was incurred during the previous year. It is on schedule to 18…… increasing volumes from October this year. Following the 19…… of plastic tubing manufacture from Germany to Thailand, we have effectively doubled the capacity of this facility at an 20………… cost of $12m. The project is set to cost less than the original 21……… and is on target for increased production by June next year. In February, we announced our 22……… to sell our factory in Ireland. This decision is in line with the Group’s strategy of 23…… on our core categories of branded products. In June, we announced investment in a new state-of-the-art UK manufacturing facility for specialist plastic components. This facility will be 24……by the middle of next year and will increase the Group’s capacity to manufacture products efficiently in-house. At the same time it will 25… about 200 new jobs in an area of high unemployment. The factory is to cost approximately $24m, towards which government 26…of up to $4m are already available. Sadly, as part of this move, we announced the 27… of our Blackburn facility, which is due to take place in the early part of next year.

As part of our commitment to effective external communications with all our stakeholders, in October we 28… the corporate website, which is now providing

up-to-date information on the Group, and we look forward to receiving 29…from users of the site. Existing product websites are now in the 30…of being redesigned as part of the global rebranding strategy.

16 A output B yield C total D mass 17 A budget B income C account D fund 18 A forward B transfer C advance D deliver

19 A replacement B rearranging C relocation D redistribution 20. A aimed B imagined C accepted D expected 21. A guess B judgment C estimate D conviction

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22 A focus B object C intention D purpose

23 A concentrating B planning C attending D directing 24 A running B implementing C executing D organizing 25 A appoint B result C employ D create

26 A scholarships B grants C allocations D gifts 27 A finish B closure C ending D conclusion

28 A dispatched B prompted C launched D effected 29 A attitude B approach C outlook D feedback 30 A practice B progress C process D procedure

二、 Proofreading and error correction 改错题 (15题，每题

2分，共30分)

Market Research

1. Market research involves in collecting and sorting facts and opinions from specific groups 2. of people. The purpose of research can vary from discover the popularity of a political 3. party to assessing whether is a product needs changing or replacing. Most work in 4. consumer research involves interviewers employing by market research agencies, but 5. certain industrial and social research is carried out by any specialist agencies. Interviews 6. may be with individuals or groups and can last anything as from a few minutes to an hour

or

7. more. In some interviews, people may be asked to examine or try out products after 8. giving up their opinion. Successful interviewers tend to like meeting people and should not 9. only be shy of addressing strangers. Interviewers are usually expected to work

10. unsupervised, organizing their own workload. Self-discipline is absolutely essential, and 11. as are motivation and energy. There are no specific age limits for such a work, though 12. many agencies prefer to employ older applicants with experience of meeting people. 13. Market research agencies which frequently organize training, where trainees learn how to 14. recognize socio-economic groups and practice approaching to the public. For information 15. on market research training and qualifications, contract the Market Research Association.

三、 Gap-filling 选词填空题（15题，每题2分，共30分）

It isn't just the beer that 1 to beer bellies. It could also be the extra calories， fat and unhealthy eating choices that may come with 2 drinking.

A recent study found that men consume an 3 433 calories (equivalent to a

McDonald's double cheeseburger) on days they drink a moderate amount of alcohol. About 61% of the caloric 4 comes from the alcohol itself. Men also report eating higher amounts of saturated fats and meat，and less fruit and milk, on those days than on days when they aren't drinking, the study showed.

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Women fared a bit better，taking in an extra 300 calories on moderate-drinking days，from the alcohol and eating fattier foods. But women's increase in calories from additional eating wasn't statistically significant，the study said.

'Men and women 5 less healthily on days they drank alcohol, 'said Rosalind Breslow, an epidemiologist with the federal National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and lead author of the study. 'Poorer food choices on drinking days have public-health 6，' she said.

The findings dovetail with controlled lab studies in which 7 generally eat more food after consuming alcohol. Researchers suggest that alcohol may enhance 'the short-term rewarding effects' of consuming food，according to a 2010 report in the journal Physiology & Behavior that reviewed previous studies on alcohol，appetite and obesity.

But other studies have pointed to a different trend. Moderate drinkers gain less 8 weight over time than either heavy drinkers or people who abstain from alcohol, particularly women，this research has shown. Moderate drinking is 9 having about two drinks a day for men and one for women.

'People who gain the least weight are moderate drinkers，regardless of [alcoholic] beverage choice，' said Eric Rimm, an associate professor of epidemiology and

nutrition at Harvard Medical School and chairman of the 2010 review of alcohol in the federal dietary 10. The weight-gain difference is modest，and 'starting to drink is not a weight-loss diet，' he said.

The various research efforts form part of a long-standing 11 about how alcohol affects people's appetites，weight and overall health. Researchers say there aren't simple answers，and suggest that individuals' metabolism, drinking patterns and gender may play a role.

Alcohol is 'a real wild card when it comes to weight management, ' said Karen Miller-Kovach，chief scientific officer of Weight Watchers International. At seven calories per gram, alcohol is closer to fat than to carbohydrate or protein in caloric content, she said. Alcohol tends to lower restraint，she notes，causing a person to become more 12 with what they're eating.

Research bolstering the role of moderate drinking in helping to control weight gain was published in 2004 in the journal Obesity Research. That study followed

nearly 50，000 women over eight years. An earlier study，published in the American Journal of Epidemiology in 1994，followed more than 7，000 people for 10 years and found that moderate drinkers gained less weight than nondrinkers. Studies comparing changes in waist circumference among different groups have yielded similar results. Dr. Rimm said it isn't clear why moderate drinking may be 13 against typical weight gain，but it could have to do with metabolic 14. After people drink alcohol，their heart rate increases so they burn more calories in the following hour.

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'It's a modest amount，' he said. 'But if you take an individual that eats 100 calories instead of a glass of wine，the person drinking the glass of wine will have a 15 increase in the amount of calories burned.'

A：indulgent B：participants C：debate D：considered E：contributes F：contest G：guidelines H：protective I：moderate J：index

K：implications L：considerate M：additional N：experienced O：owes P：increase Q：decrease R：ate S：weight T：adjustments U：great V：slight

四、Reading Comprehension 阅读理解（30题，每题2分，共60分） Passage One

I don’t ever want to talk about being a woman scientist again. There was a time in my life when people asked constantly for stories about what it’s like to work in a field dominated by men. I was never very good at telling those stories because truthfully I never found them interesting. What I do find interesting is the origin of the universe, the shape of space-time and the nature of black holes.

At 19, when I began studying astrophysics, it did not bother me in the least to be the only woman in the classroom. But while earning my Ph.D. at MIT and then as a post-doctor doing space research, the issue started to bother me. My every achievement—jobs, research papers, awards—was viewed through the lens of gender (性别) politics. So were my failures. Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus (相对于) right brain, or nature versus nurture (培育), I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind.

Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would eventually become my reply to any and all provocations: I don’t talk about that

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anymore. It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19 and to realize that I didn’t want to deal with gender issues. Why should curing sexism be yet another terrible burden on every female scientist? After all, I don’t study sociology or political theory.

Today I research and teach at Barnard, a women’s college in New York City. Recently, someone asked me how many of the 45 students in my class were women. You cannot imagine my satisfaction at being able to answer, 45. I know some of my students worry how they will manage their scientific research and a desire for children. And I don’t dismiss those concerns. Still, I don’t tell them “war” stories. Instead, I have given them this: the visual of their physics professor heavily pregnant doing physics experiments. And in turn they have given me the image of 45 women driven by a love of science. And that’s a sight worth talking about.

1. Why doesn’t the author want to talk about being a woman scientist again? A) She feels unhappy working in male-dominated fields. B) She is fed up with the issue of gender discrimination. C) She is not good at telling stories of the kind. D) She finds space research more important.

2. From Paragraph 2, we can infer that people would attribute the author’s failures to ________.

A) the very fact that she is a woman B) her involvement in gender politics

C) her over-confidence as a female astrophysicist D) the burden she bears in a male-dominated society

3. What did the author constantly fight against while doing her Ph.D. and post-doctoral research?

A) Lack of confidence in succeeding in space science. B) Unfair accusations from both inside and outside her circle. C) People’s stereotyped attitude toward female scientists. D) Widespread misconceptions about nature and nurtured.

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4. Why does the author feel great satisfaction when talking about her class? A) Female students no longer have to bother about gender issues. B) Her students’ performance has brought back her confidence. C) Her female students can do just as well as male students. D) More female students are pursuing science than before.

5. What does the image the author presents to her students suggest? A) Women students needn’t have the concerns of her generation. B) Women have more barriers on their way to academic success. C) Women can balance a career in science and having a family. D) Women now have fewer problems pursuing a science career. Passage Two

I’ve been writing for most of my life. The book Writing Without Teachers introduced me to one distinction and one practice that has helped my writing

processes tremendously. The distinction is between the creative mind and the critical mind. While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel no matter how much we might like to think so.

Trying to criticize writing on the fly is possibly the single greatest barrier to writing that most of us encounter. If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while you are trying to capture a fleeting (稍纵即逝的) thought, the

thought will die. If you capture the fleeting thought and simply share it with the world in raw form, no one is likely to understand. You must learn to create first and then criticize if you want to make writing the tool for thinking that it is.

The practice that can help you past your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow calls “free writing.” In free writing, the objective is to get words down on paper non-stop, usually for 15-20 minutes. No stopping, no going back, no criticizing. The goal is to get the words flowing. As the words begin to flow, the ideas will come from the shadows and let themselves be captured on your notepad or your screen.

Now you have raw materials that you can begin to work with using the critical mind that you’ve persuaded to sit on the side and watch quietly. Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actually have and you will end up staring blankly at the pages as the deadline draws near.

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Instead of staring at a blank start filling it with words no matter how bad. Halfway through you available time, stop and rework your raw writing into something closer to finished product. Move back and forth until you run out of time and the final result will most likely be far better than your current practices.

6. When the author says the creative mind and the critical mind “cannot work in parallel” (Line 4, Para. 1) in the writing process, he means ________.

A) no one can be both creative and critical B) they cannot be regarded as equally important C) they are in constant conflict with each other D) one cannot use them at the same time

7. What prevents people from writing on is ________. A) putting their ideas in raw form C) ignoring grammatical soundness

B) attempting to edit as they write D) trying to capture fleeting thoughts

8. What is the chief objective of the first stage of writing? A) To organize one’s thoughts logically. B) To choose an appropriate topic. C) To get one’s ideas down. D) To collect raw materials.

9. One common concern of writers about “free writing” is that ________. A) it overstresses the role of the creative mind B) it takes too much time to edit afterwards C) it may bring about too much criticism D) it does not help them to think clearly

10. In what way does the critical mind help the writer in the writing process? A) It refines his writing into better shape.

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B) It helps him to come up with new ideas. C) It saves the writing time available to him. D) It allows him to sit on the side and observe.

Passage three

One aspect of business life which many managers are unhappy with is the need to attend meetings. Research indicates that managers will spend between a third and a half of their working lives in meetings. Although most managers would agree that it is hard to think of an alternative to meetings, as a means of considering information and making collective decisions, their length and frequency can cause problems with the workload of even the best-organized executives.

Meetings work best if they take place only when necessary and not as a matter of routine. One example of this is the discussion of personal or career matters between members of staff and their line and personnel managers. Another is during the early stages of a project when the team managing needs to learn to understand and trust one another.

Once it has been decided that a meeting is necessary, decisions need to be taken about who will attend and about the location and length of the meeting. People should only be invited to attend if they are directly involved in the matters under discussion and the agenda should be distributed well in advance. An agenda is vital because it acts as a road map to keep discussion focused and within the time limited allocated. This is also the responsibility of the person chairing the meeting, who

should encourage those who say little to speak and stop those who have a great deal to say from talking too much.

At the end of a well organized meeting, people will feel that the meeting has been a success and be pleased they were invited. They will know not only what decisions were made but also the reasons for these decisions. Unfortunately, at the end of a badly organized meeting those present will leave feeling that they have wasted their time and that nothing worthwhile has been achieved.

Much together has been given over the years to ways of keeping meeting short. One man who has no intention of spending half his working life in meeting is Roland Winterson, chief executive of a large manufacturing company. He believes that meetings should be short, sharp and infrequent. “I try to hold no more than two or three meetings a week, attended by a maximum of three people for no longer than half an hour,” he says. “They are clearly aimed at achieving a specific objective, such as making a decision or planning a strategy, and are based on careful preparation. I

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draw up the agenda for every meeting and circulate it in advance; those attending are expected to study it carefully and should be prepared to both ask and answer

questions. Managers are best employed carrying out tasks directly connected with their jobs not attending endless meetings. In business, time is money and spending it in needless meetings that don’t achieve anything can be very costly. Executives should follow the example of lawyers and put a cost on each hour of their time and then decide whether attending a long meeting really is the best way to spend their time.”

11. What do most managers think about meetings? A. Meetings take up most of their working life. B. Meetings allow them to monitor decision-making. C. Meetings prevent them from establishing a routine.

D. Meetings are the only way they know of achieving certain objectives. 12. According to the writer, an example of a valuable meeting is one which A. allows colleagues to achieve a better working relationship. B. requires managers to discuss staffing needs with personnel. C. selects a suitable group of people to work together as a team. D. encourages staff to present ideas on improvements in management. 13. According to the writer the agenda is important because it A. is seen by everybody before the meeting. B. helps to give direction to the discussions. C. contains items of interest to all those present.

D. shows who should speak at each stage of the meeting.

14. The writer says that people leaving a well organized meeting will understand A. the reason for their invitation to attend. B. how the decisions taken were relevant to them. C. the importance of proposals under discussion.

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D. why certain courses of action were agreed upon.

15. What does Roland Winterson say about the meetings that he organizes? A. He aims to hold them on a regular basis. B. He ensures they have a definite purpose. C. He requires his managers to draw up the agenda. D. He uses them to make decisions about strategy.

Passage four

Working an eight-hour day is a luxury for most professional people. Nowadays, the only way to guarantee an eight-hour working day is to have the kind of job where you clock on and off. Those professionals who have managed to limit their hours to what was, 20 years ago, the average do not wish to identify themselves. “I can quite easily achieve my work within a normal day, but I don’t like to draw attention to it,” says one sales manager. “People looked at me when I left at 5 o’clock. Now, I put paperwork in my bag. People assume I’m doing extra hours at home.”

But more typical is Mark, who works as an account manager. He says, “My contract says I work from 9 until 5 with extra hours as necessary. It sounds as if the extra hours are exceptional. In fact, my job would be enough not only for me, but also for someone else part-time. The idea of an eight-hour day makes me laugh!” He says he has thought about going freelance but realizes that this doesn’t guarantee better working hours.

Professors Cary Cooper, occupational psychologist at the University of

Manchester, is the author of the annual Quality of Working Life survey. The most recent survey found that 77% of managers in Britain work more than their contracted hours, and that this is having a damaging effect on their health, relationships and productivity. Professor Cooper is critical of the long-hours culture. He says that while bosses believe long hours lead to greater efficiency, there is no evidence to support this. “In fact, the evidence shows that long hours make you ill.”

There are, he says, steps that can be taken. One is to accept that the in-tray will never be empty. “There are always things to do. You just have to make the rule that on certain days you go home early.” Prioritizing work and doing essential tasks first helps, he says. He also thinks it’s time to criticize bad employers and unreasonable terms of employment. “By all means, show commitment where necessary but when

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expectations are too high, people have to begin saying openly that they have a life outside of work.”

Personal development coach Mo Shapiro agrees that communication is important. Staff need to talk to managers about the working practices within a

company. Both parties should feel that the expectations are realistic and allow them to have responsibilities and interests outside work. She recognizes, however, that in many organizations the response might well be, “If you want more interests outside work, then find another job.”

She believes that senior staff have a duty to set an example. “I recently worked for a firm of solicitors where the partners started at 7.30am. What kind of message is that to send to the staff?” She believes there is no shame in working sensible hours – in fact quite the reserve. “Some people might be in at 7.30am but will be doing very little. You can work really hard from 9 to 5 and achieve the same. If you find it difficult to achieve an eight-hour day, there is, as a last resort, the old trick of leaving your jacket on your chair and your computers switched on, even after you have left the building.”

16. What does the writer say in the first paragraph about people who work an eight-hour day?

A. They are reluctant to admit to this. B. They are disliked by their colleagues. C. They are limited to certain professions. D. They often catch up on work in the evenings. 17. What does Mark say about his work? A. His main concern is job security. B. Too much of his time at work is wasted. C. The terms of his contract are misleading. D. He objects to being given other people’s work.

18. What does Cary Cooper say about recent trends in the workplace? A. He believes that a long working day is counter-productive.

B. He has doubts about the results of the Quality of Working Life survey.

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C. He says that employers should accept the link between working hours and safety.

D. He argues that further research is needed into the relationship between work and health.

19. How does Cary Cooper think people should deal with the requirements of the workplace?

A. Obtain help in negotiating terms of employment. B. Let people know when demands are unreasonable. C. Delegate the less important work to other staff.

D. Accept that the modern workplace is a competitive place. 20. What does Mo Shapiro see as a problem for employees today? A. They lack the communication skills that modern business requires. B. Many employers would not regard requests for shorter hours favorably. C. Most employers do not want to be responsible for the professional development of staff.

D. They have difficulties adapting to the rapid changes occurring in working practices..

Passage Five

“The organizational weaknesses that entrepreneurs have to deal with every day would cause the managers of a mature company to panic.” Andrew Bidden wrote recently in Boston Business Review. This seems to suggest that the leaders of

entrepreneurial or small businesses must be unlike other managers, or the problems faced by such leaders must be the subject of a specialized body of wisdom, or

possibly both. Unfortunately, neither is true. Not much worth reading about managing the entrepreneurial or small business has been written, and the leaders of such businesses are made of flesh and blood, like the rest of us.

Furthermore, little has been done to address the aspects of entrepreneurial or small businesses that are so difficult to deal with and so different from the challenges faced by management in big business. In part this is because those involved in gathering expertise about business and in selling advice to businesses have

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historically been more interested in the needs of big business. In part, in the UK at least, it is also because small businesses have always preferred to adapt to changing circumstances.

The organizational problems of entrepreneurial or small businesses are thus forced upon the individuals who lead them. Even more so than for bigger businesses, the old saying is true – that people, particularly those who make the important

decisions, are a business’s most important asset. The research that does exist shows that neither money nor the ability to access more of it is the major factor determining growth. The main reason an entrepreneurial business stops growing is the lack of management and leadership resource available to the business when it matters. Give an entrepreneur an experienced, skilled team and he or she will find the funds every time. Getting the team, though, is the difficult bit.

Part of the problem for entrepreneurs is the speed of change that affects their businesses. They have to cope with continuous change yet have always been

suspicious about the latest “management solution”. They regard the many offerings from business schools as out of date even before they leave the planning board and have little faith in the recommendations of consultants when they arrive in the hands of young, inexperienced graduates. But such impatience with “management solutions” does not mean that problems can be left to solve themselves. However, the leaders of growing businesses are still left with the problem of who to turn to for advice. The answer is horribly simple: Leaders of small businesses can ask each other. The collective knowledge of a group of leaders can prove enormously helpful in solving the specific problems of individuals. One leader’s problems have certainly been solved already by someone else. There is an organization called KITE which enables those responsible for small businesses to meet. Its members, all of whom are chief executives, go through a demanding selection process, and then join a small group of other chief executives. They come from a range of business sectors and each offers a different corporate history. Each group is led by a “moderator”, an independently selected businessman or woman who has been specially trained to head the group. Each member takes it in turn to host a meeting at his or her business premises and, most important of all, group discussions are kept strictly confidential. This encourages a free sharing of problems and increases the possibility of solutions being discovered.

21. What does the writer say about entrepreneurs in the first paragraph? A. It is wrong to assume that they are different from other managers. B. The problems they have to cope with are specific to small businesses. C. They find it difficult to attract staff with sufficient expertise.

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D. They could learn from the organizational skills of managers in large companies.

22. According to the second paragraph, what has led to a lack of support for entrepreneurs?

A. Entrepreneurs have always preferred to act independently. B. The requirements of big businesses have always taken priority. C. It is difficult to find solutions to the problems faced by entrepreneurs. D. Entrepreneurs are reluctant to provide information about their businesses. 23. What does the writer say about the expansion of small businesses? A. Many small businesses do not produce enough profits to finance growth. B. Many employees in small businesses have problems working as part of a team.

C. Being able to recruit the right people is the most important factor affecting growth.

D. Leaders of small businesses lack the experience to make their companies a success.

24. What does the writer say is an additional problem for entrepreneurs in the fourth paragraph?

A. They rely on management systems that are out of date. B. They will not adopt measures that provide long-term solutions. C. They have little confidence in the business advice that is available. D. They do not take market changes into account when drawing up business plans.

25. What does the writer say the members of the KITE organization provide? A. Advice on how to select suitable staff. B. A means of contacting potential clients. C. A simple checklist for analyzing problems.

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D. Direct experience of a number of industries. Passage Six

Culture is the total sum of all the traditions, customs, beliefs, and ways of life of a given group of human beings. In this sense, every group has a culture, however savage, undeveloped, or uncivilized it may seem to us.

To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic hierarchy among languages.

People once thought of the languages of backward groups as savage,

undeveloped forms of speech, consisting largely of grunts and groans. While it is possible that language in general began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of “backward” languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex, delicate, and ingenious pieces of machinery for the transfer of ideas. They fall behind our Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usually fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which reflects the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this department, however, two things are to be noted: 1. All

languages seem to possess the machinery for vocabulary expansion, either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. 2. The objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in “backward” languages, while different from ours, are often surprisingly numerous and complicated. An accidental language distinguishes merely between two degrees of remoteness (“this” and “that”); some languages of the American Indians distinguish between what is close to the speaker, or to the person addressed, or removed from both, or out of sight, or in the past, or in the future.

This study of language, in turn, casts a new light upon the claim of the

anthropologists that all culture are to be viewed independently, and without ideas of rank or hierarchy.

26.The language of uncivilized groups as compared to Western languages are limited in ___.

A. sound patterns B. vocabularies

C. grammatical structures D. both A and B

27.The author says that professional linguists recognize that ___. A. Western languages are superior to Eastern languages B. All languages came from grunts and groans

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C. The hierarchy of languages is difficult to understand D. There is no hierarchy of languages

28.The article states that grunt-and-groan forms of speech are found ___. A. nowhere today

B. among the Australian aborigines C. among Eastern cultures

D. among people speaking“backward”languages

29.According to the author, languages, whether civilized or not, have ___. A. the potential for expanding vocabulary B. their own sound patterns C. an ability to transfer ideas D. grammatical structures

30.Which of the following is implied but not articulated in the passage? A. The study of languages has discredited anthropological studies.

B. The study of language has reinforced anthropologists in their view that there is no hierarchy among cultures.

C. The study of language is the same as the study of anthropologists.

D. The study of languages casts a new light upon the claim of anthropologists.

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